NTP CHEMICAL REPOSITORY
 2,4-DINITROPHENOL
 
 
-IDENTIFIERS
 ===========
 
*CATALOG ID NUMBER: 000500
 
*CAS NUMBER: 51-28-5
 
*BASE CHEMICAL NAME: DINITROPHENOL,2,4-
 
*PRIMARY NAME: 2,4-DINITROPHENOL
 
*CHEMICAL FORMULA: C6H4N2O5
 
*STRUCTURAL FORMULA: (NO2)2C6H3OH
 
*WLN: WNR BQ ENW
 
*SYNONYMS:
 ALPHA-DINITROPHENOL
 2,4-DNP
 1-HYDROXY-2,4-DINITROBENZENE
 NITROPHENE
 NITROPHEN
 PHENOL, 2,4-DINITRO-
 PHENOL, ALPHA-DINITRO-
 ALDIFEN
 CHEMOX PE
 FENOXYL CARBON N
 SOLFO BLACK B
 SOLFO BLACK BB
 TERTROSULPHUR BLACK PB
 DINOFAN
 MAROXOL-50
 RCRA WASTE NUMBER P048
 SOLFO BLACK 2B SUPRA
 SOLFO BLACK G
 SOLFO BLACK SB
 TERTROSULPHUR PBR
 NITRO KLEENUP
 NSC 1532
 DNP
 FENOXYL
 
 
-PHYSICAL CHEMICAL DATA
 ======================
 
*PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: LITERATURE: Yellow crystals or powder
 REPOSITORY: Yellow crystalline solid
 
*MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 184.11
 
*SPECIFIC GRAVITY: 1.683 [033,051,062,205]
 
*DENSITY: 1.683 g/mL @ 24 C [016,043,047,055]
 
*MP (DEG C): 112-114 C [033,205]
 
*BP (DEG C): Sublimes (when carefully heated) [016,029,033,051]
 
*SOLUBILITIES:
 WATER : <1 mg/mL @ 19.5 C (RAD)
 
 DMSO : 50-100 mg/mL @ 22 C (RAD)
 
 95% ETHANOL : 10-50 mg/mL @ 22 C (RAD)
 
 METHANOL : Not available
 
 ACETONE : 50-100 mg/mL @ 22 C (RAD)
 
 TOLUENE : 6.36 g/100 g @ 15 C [033]
 
 OTHER SOLVENTS:
 Chloroform: 5.39 g/100 g @ 15 C [033,205]
 Ethyl acetate: 15.55 g/100 g @ 15 C [033]
 Pyridine: 20.08 g/100 g @ 15 C [033,205]
 Carbon tetrachloride: 0.423 g/100 g @ 15 C [033]
 Ether: Soluble [016,062,295]
 Benzene: Soluble [016,033,062,205]
 Aqueous alkaline solutions: Soluble [033,173]
 Alcohol: Soluble [016,033,205,295]
 
*VOLATILITY:
 Vapor pressure: Not available
 Vapor density : 6.35 [043,051]
 
*FLAMMABILITY(FLASH POINT):
 Literature sources indicate that this chemical is flammable [051,275].
 Its dust can form explosive mixtures in air [058]. Fires involving this
 material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon
 extinguisher. A water spray may also be used [058,269,371].
 
*UEL: Not available LEL: Not available
 
*REACTIVITY:
 This chemical forms explosive salts with alkalies and ammonia [043,066].
 It is incompatible with heavy metals and their compounds [058,346]. It is
 also incompatible with strong oxidizers, strong bases and reducing agents
 [269]. It reacts with combustibles [371].
 
*STABILITY:
 This chemical may explode if subjected to heat or flame [058,371]. It
 may explode if allowed to dry out [058]. Solutions of this chemical in water,
 DMSO, 95% ethanol or acetone should be stable for 24 hours under normal lab
 conditions (RAD).
 
*OTHER PHYSICAL DATA:
 Melting point also reported as 106-108 C [275]
 Sweet, musty odor [371]
 pKa: 4.00 at 25 C [029]
 pH range: 2.6 colorless, 4.4 yellow [033]
 log P octanol: 1.51/1.54 [055]
 Density: 1.68 g/mL @ 20 C [371]
 Volatile with steam [029,033,173]
 
 
-TOXICITY
 ========
 
*NIOSH REGISTRY NUMBER: SL2800000
 
*TOXICITY: (abbreviations)
 typ. dose mode specie amount units other
 LDLo orl hmn 4300 ug/kg
 LD50 orl rat 30  mg/kg
 LD50 ipr rat 20 mg/kg
 LD50 scu rat 25 mg/kg
 LD50 orl mus 45 mg/kg
 LD50 ipr mus 26 mg/kg
 LDLo orl dog 30 mg/kg
 LDLo scu dog 20 mg/kg
 LDLo ivn dog 15 mg/kg
 LD50 orl rbt 30 mg/kg
 LDLo scu rbt 20 mg/kg
 LD50 orl gpg 81 mg/kg
 LDLo skn gpg 700 mg/kg
 LDLo scu gpg 25 mg/kg
 LD50 ims pgn 6500  ug/kg
 LD50 unr mam 40 mg/kg
 LD50 orl bwd 13 mg/kg
 LCLo ihl dog 300 mg/m3/30M
 LD50 orl cat 75 mg/kg
  LD50 ipr gpg 28 mg/kg
 
*AQTX/TLM96: Not available
 
*SAX TOXICITY EVALUATION:
 THR: A deadly human poison by ingestion. An experimental poison by ingestion,
 inhalation, intravenous, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, intramuscular
 and possibly other routes. Moderately toxic by skin contact. An
 experimental teratogen. Experimental reproductive effects. Mutagenic
 data. A skin irritant. Phytotoxic.
 
*CARCINOGENICITY: Not available
 
*MUTATION DATA: See RTECS printout for most current data
 
*TERATOGENICITY: See RTECS printout for most current data
 
*STANDARDS, REGULATIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS:
 OSHA: None
 ACGIH: None
 NIOSH Criteria Document: None
 NFPA Hazard Rating: Health (H): None
  Flammability (F): None
 Reactivity (R): None
 
*OTHER TOXICITY DATA:
 Skin and Eye Irritation Data:
 skn-rbt 300 mg/4W-I MLD
 Review: Toxicology Review
 Standards and Regulations: EPA FIFRA 1988 Pesticide Subject to Registration
 or Re-registration
 Status: EPA TSCA Chemical Inventory, 1989
 EPA TSCA Test Submission (TSCATS) Data Base, April 1990
 Acute fatal dose: ~1 g [301]
 IDLH value: 5.0 mg/m3 [371]
 
 
-OTHER DATA (Regulatory)
 =======================
 
*PROPER SHIPPING NAME (IATA): Dinitrophenol, wetted
 
*UN/ID NUMBER: UN1320
 
*HAZARD CLASS: 4.1 SUBSIDIARY RISK: 6.1 PACKING GROUP: I
 
*LABELS REQUIRED: Flammable solid and Poison
 
*PACKAGING: PASSENGER: PKG. INSTR.: 416  MAXIMUM QUANTITY: 1 kg
 CARGO : PKG. INSTR.: 412 MAXIMUM QUANTITY: 15 kg
 
*SPECIAL PROVISIONS: A40
 
*USES:
 This compound is used in the manufacture of dyes, diaminophenol,
 wood preservatives, insecticides, explosives, herbicides, photographic
 developers, picric acid and picramic acid. It is used as a reagent for the
 detection of potassium and ammonium ions and in chemical synthesis. It is
 also a useful tool in biochemical research. This compound was formerly used
 as a metabolic stimulator to aid in weight reduction.
 
*COMMENTS:
 The shipping information is for dinitrophenol, wetted with 15% or more
 water (by weight).
 
 
-HANDLING PROCEDURES
 ===================
 
*ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS:
 This compound is toxic by inhalation, ingestion and skin contact [036,
 058,295,346]. There is a danger of cumulative effects [036,151,295]. It is
 a severe skin and eye irritant [043,058]. It is readily absorbed through the
 skin [033,058]. Vapors are absorbed through the respiratory tract [033].
 This compound is corrosive to the skin and mucous membranes [151]. When heated
 to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and
 nitrogen oxides [043,058,269].
 
*MINIMUM PROTECTIVE CLOTHING:
 If Tyvek-type disposable protective clothing is not worn during
 handling of this chemical, wear disposable Tyvek-type sleeves taped to
 your gloves.
 
*RECOMMENDED GLOVE MATERIALS:
 GlovES+ Expert System Glove Types For The Neat (Undiluted) Chemical:
 This chemical has not been tested for permeation by Radian Corporation;
 however, the GlovES+ expert system was used to extrapolate permeation test
 information from compounds in the same chemical class. The GlovES+ system uses
 permeation data from literature sources; therefore, extra safety margins should
 be used with the estimated protection time(s). If this chemical makes direct
 contact with your glove, or if a tear, puncture or hole develops, replace them
 at once.
 The GlovES+ expert system is a tool that can help people better manage
 protection from chemicals, however this tool cannot replace sound judgment nor
 make technical decisions. Our GlovES+ expert system is designed to offer
 initial advice and assistance in glove selection while the final glove
 selection should be made by knowledgeable individuals based on the specific
 circumstances involved.
 
 Glove Type Model Number Thickness Estimated Protection Time
 Viton North F-091 0.25 mm 480 min
 
*RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR:
 Where the neat test chemical is stored, weighed and diluted, wear an
 approved half face respirator equipped with a combination filter cartridge,
 i.e. organic vapor/acid gas/HEPA, (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas,
 SO2 and a high efficiency particulate filter).
 Splash proof safety goggles should be worn while handling this chemical.
 Alternatively, a full face respirator, equipped as above, may be used to pro-
 vide simultaneous eye and respiratory protection.
 
*OTHER: Not available
 
*STORAGE PRECAUTIONS:
 You should store this chemical under refrigerated temperatures,
 and keep it away from oxidizing materials. STORE AWAY FROM SOURCES
 OF IGNITION.
 
*SPILLS AND LEAKAGE:
 Should a spill occur while you are handling this chemical, FIRST REMOVE
 ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then you should dampen the solid spill material with
 60-70% ethanol and transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use
 absorbent paper dampened with 60-70% ethanol to pick up any remaining material.
 Seal the absorbent paper, and any of your clothes, which may be contaminated,
 in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contamin-
 ated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water
 solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or
 other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.
 
*DISPOSAL AND WASTE TREATMENT: Not available
 
 
-EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
 ====================
 
*SKIN CONTACT:
 IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating
 all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly
 with soap and water.
 IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms
 (such as redness or irritation) develop.
 IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after
 washing the affected areas.
 
*INHALATION:
 IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air.
 IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a
 hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath,
 or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop.
 Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown
 atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)
 should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or
 equal to that advised under Respirator Recommendation.
 
*EYE CONTACT:
 First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush
 victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while
 simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center.
 Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without
 specific instructions from a physician.
 IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if
 no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.
 
*INGESTION:
 DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Phenols are very toxic poisons AND corrosive
 and irritating, so that inducing vomiting may make medical problems worse.
 IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center and locate activated
 charcoal, egg whites, or milk in case the medical advisor recommends admini-
 stering one of them.
 If advice from a physician is not readily available and the victim is
 conscious and not convulsing, give the victim a glass of activated charcoal
 slurry in water or, if this is not available, a glass of milk, or beaten egg
 whites and IMMEDIATELY transport victim to a hospital.
 If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth,
 assure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with
 the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport
 the victim to a hospital.
 
*SYMPTOMS:
 Symptoms of exposure to this compound may include profuse sweating,
 fever, shortness of breath and yellow coloration of the skin of the hands
 and feet [036]. Other symptoms may include a marked increase in metabolism,
 nausea, vomiting, collapse, death, cataracts, weight loss, granulocytopenia,
 polyneuropathy and exfoliative dermatitis [033]. Skin irritation may also
 occur [043]. Exposure to this compound may also cause disruption of oxidative
 phosphorylation, increased oxygen consumption, fatigue, intense thirst, sweat-
 ing, oppression of the chest, anorexia, weakness, dizziness, vertigo, headache,
 sensitivity of the liver to pressure, jaundice and hypersensitivity, neutro-
 penia, skin rashes and peripheral neuritis [346]. Other symptoms may include
 degenerative changes in the heart, liver and kidneys, cyanosis, lividity,
 tremors and coma [301]. Contact may also cause irritation of the eyes and
 mucous membranes [269]. Secondary glaucoma may also result [099]. Exposure
 to this compound may cause restlessness, flushed skin, tachycardia and fatal
 hyperthermia [406]. Allergic reactions may also occur [051]. Other symptoms
 may include hyperpyrexia, acidosis, dehydration, muscle rigor, pulmonary edema,
 abdominal pain and diarrhea [151]. Anxiety and delirium may also result [430].
 Other symptoms may include liver damage, dilation of the pupils, smarting of
 the skin and skin burns [371].
 
 
-SOURCES
 =======
 
*SOURCES:
 [015] Lewis, R.J., Sr. and R.L. Tatken, Eds. Registry of Toxic Effects
 of Chemical Substances. On-line Ed. National Institute for
 Occupational Safety and Health. Cincinnati, OH. SL2800000.
 August 29, 1990.
 
 [016] Weast, R.C., D.R. Lide, M.J. Astle, and W.H. Beyer, Eds. CRC Handbook
 of Chemistry and Physics. 70th Ed. CRC Press, Inc. Boca Raton,
 FL. 1989. p. C-412, #10938.
 
 [029] Buckingham, J., Ed. Dictionary of Organic Compounds. 5th Ed. and
 Supplements. Chapman and Hall. New York. 1988. Vol. 2, p. 2275,
 #D-07582.
 
 [033] Budavari, Susan, Ed. The Merck Index. 11th Ed. Merck and Co., Inc.
 Rahway, NJ. 1989. p. 518, #3274.
 
 [036] Bretherick, L., Ed. Hazards in the Chemical Laboratory. 4th Ed.
 The Royal Society of Chemistry. London. 1986. p. 315.
 
 [043] Sax, N.I. and Richard J. Lewis, Sr. Dangerous Properties of Industrial
 Materials. 7th Ed. Van Nostrand Reinhold. New York. 1989.
 Vol. II, p. 1454, #DUZ000.
 
 [047] Weast, R.C. and M.J. Astle, Eds. CRC Handbook of Data on
 Organic Compounds. CRC Press, Inc. Boca Raton, FL.
 1985. Vol. II, p. 65, #P01156.
 
 [051] Sax, N. Irving, Ed. Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials
 Report. Bi-monthly Updates. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, Inc.
 New York. March/April 1983. Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 38-41.
 
 [055] Verschueren, K. Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic
 Chemicals. 2nd Ed. Van Nostrand Reinhold. New York. 1983.
 pp. 571-572.
 
 [058] Information Handling Services. Material Safety Data Sheets
 Service. Microfiche Ed. Bimonthly Updates. December 1989/
 January 1990. #5833-269, F-07.
 
 [062] Sax, N.I. and R.J. Lewis Sr., Eds. Hawley's Condensed Chemical
 Dictionary. 11th Ed. Van Nostrand Reinhold. New York. 1987.
 p. 421.
 
 [066] Bretherick, L. Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards. 3rd Ed.
 Butterworths. London. 1985. p. 567.
 
 [082] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Toxic Substances.
 Toxic Substances Control Act Chemical Substance Inventory: 1985
 Edition. 5 Vols. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
 Washington, D.C. January 1986. Listed.
 
 [099] Grant, W. Morton, M.D. Toxicology of the Eye. 3rd Ed. Charles
 C. Thomas, Publisher. Springfield, IL. 1986. pp. 358-362.
 
 [107] Occupational Health Services, Inc. Hazardline. Occupational
 Health Services, Inc. New York. Listed.
 
 [110] Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Environmental Mutagen Information
 Center (EMIC), Bibliographic Data Base. Oak Ridge National
  Laboratory. Oak Ridge, TN. Listed.
 
 [120] Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Environmental Teratogen Information
 Center (ETIC), Bibliographic Data Base. Oak Ridge National
 Laboratory. Oak Ridge, TN. Listed.
 
 [151] Gosselin, R.E., H.C. Hodge, and R.P. Smith. Clinical Toxicology
 of Commercial Products. 5th Ed. Williams and Wilkins, Co.
 Baltimore. 1984. pp. II-197, #541; III-156 to III-159.
 
 [165] Wiswesser, W.J., Ed. Pesticide Index. Entomological Society
  of America. College Park, MD. 1976. p. 81.
 
 [173] Hayes, W.J., Jr. Pesticides Studied in Man. Williams and
 Wilkins. Baltimore. 1982. pp. 465-466.
 
 [205] Dean, John A., Ed. Lange's Handbook of Chemistry. 13th Ed.
 McGraw-Hill Book Company. New York. 1985. p. 7-362, #d1231.
 
 [269] Lenga, Robert E. The Sigma-Aldrich Library of Chemical Safety Data.
 Edition 1. Sigma-Aldrich Corporation. Milwaukee, WI. 1985.
 p. 816, #C.
 
 [275] Aldrich Chemical Company. Aldrich Catalog/Handbook of Fine
 Chemical. Aldrich Chemical Co., Inc. Milwaukee, WI.
 1988. p. 633, #D19,850-1.
 
 [295] Reynolds, James E.F., Ed. Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia. 28th Ed.
 The Pharmaceutical Press. London. 1982. pp. 831-832, 836-837.
 
 [301] Dreisbach, R.H. Handbook of Poisoning: Prevention, Diagnosis
 and Treatment. 11th Ed. Lange Medical Publications. Los
 Altos, CA. 1983. pp. 127-129.
 
 [346] Sittig, M. Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens.
 2nd Ed. Noyes, Publications. Park Ridge, NJ. 1985. pp. 377-378.
 
 [371] U.S. Coast Guard, Department of Transportation. CHRIS
 Hazardous Chemical Data. U.S. Coast Guard. Washington,
 D.C. 1985. Volume 2.
 
 [406] Goodman, L.S., A. Gilman, F. Murad and T.W. Rall, Eds. The
 Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 7th Ed. Macmillan
 Publishing Co. New York. 1985. p. 1645.
 
 [430] Clayton, G.D. and F.E. Clayton, Eds. Patty's Industrial Hygiene
 and Toxicology. Vol. 2. Third Revised Edition. John Wiley
 and Sons. New York. 1981. Vol. IIA, pp. 2426-2427.
 
 [610] Clansky, Kenneth B., Ed. Suspect Chemicals Sourcebook: A Guide to
  Industrial Chemicals Covered Under Major Federal Regulatory and
 Advisory Programs. Roytech Publications, Inc. Burlingame, CA.
 1990. Section 3, p. 6.
 
 [620] United States National Toxicology Program. Chemical Status Report.
  NTP Chemtrack System. Research Triangle Park, NC. November 6, 1990.
 Not listed.
 
 -------------------------------------------------------------

Return to NTP Home Page
Please send queries, comments, and suggestions to: ntpwm@niehs.nih.gov
Last revised: 13 August 2001    

-=-