home Study Guide: Language Families etc.
Cognate languages loanword dialects
Italic Satem Centum
Celtic--know examples Slavic--know examples  
Germanic (East, North, and West) -- know examples.
Sanskrit, Vedas reconstruction Gothic, Bishop Ulfilas
Prosody Germanic Stress Shift laryngeal
Umlaut Grimm's Law Verner's Law
Ablaut Vowel grades (zero, reduced, full) 
     

 

Issues for Consideration:

1. Method of reconstruction--Germanic example of "father"

2. The role of stress in language change.

3. Sources for our knowledge of Germanic languages.

4. European language families.

5. Grimm's Law and its relation to Verner's Law.