Night Class
(6) 1. Describe the symptoms of advanced potassium deficiency in the following plant organs:
a. Seeds or fruits _________________________________________________________________________
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b. Leaves _______________________________________________________________________________
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c. Stems ________________________________________________________________________________
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(12) 2.What is the meaning of the following terms used to describe the presence of potassium in soils
a. Primary mineral K ______________________________________________________________________
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b. Nonexchangeable K ____________________________________________________________________
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c Exchangeable K ________________________________________________________________________
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d. Soil solution K _________________________________________________________________________
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(6)3. Comment on the value of the following materials as potassium fertilizers:
a. Animal residues or by-products ____________________________________________________________
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b. Plant residues or by-products _____________________________________________________________
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c. Naturally occurring rocks and minerals ______________________________________________________
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(9) 4. What is a function of calcium in plants with regards to cell expansion or growth?
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What is meant by the expression that "Calcium is immobile in plants"?_________________________________
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How does the immobility of calcium in plants affect the expression of symptoms of calcium deficiency?
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(6)5. Comment on the value of the following materials as fertilizers for provision of calcium in organic farming.
Phosphate fertilizers _________________________________________________________________________
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Farm manures______________________________________________________________________________
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Fruit by-products ______________ _____________________________________________________________
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(4) 6. List a production problem that is associated with calciuim deficiency in the following crops.
Apples _____________________________ Tomatoes _______________________________
Carrots _____________________________ Lettuce (cabbage) _________________________
(9) 7. List three functions of magnesium in plants.
a. ________________________________________________________________________________________
b.________________________________________________________________________________________
c.________________________________________________________________________________________
(6) 8. Comment on the value of the following materials as fertilizers for magnesium-nutrition of crops.
Agricultural limestones_______________________________________________________________________
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Epsom salts _______________________________________________________________________________
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Talc or soapstone ___________________________________________________________________________
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(8)9. Comment on the value of the sulfate of potash magnesia as a fertilizer for use in organic farming.
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(4)10. Why is the potential of sulfur-deficient crops of much greater concern to the farmer who uses modern chemical fertililizers than to the organic farmer?
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(3)11. List three conditions that might occur in soils to induce micronutrient deficiencies in crops.
a. ________________________________________________________________________________________
b.________________________________________________________________________________________
c.________________________________________________________________________________________
(6)12. List three factors of soil acidity that contribute to the condition known as "Acid-Soil Infertility".
a.________________________________________________________________________________________
b.________________________________________________________________________________________
c.________________________________________________________________________________________
(4)13. For one of the factors listed in Question 12, describe how this factor contributes to acid-soil infertility.
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(8)14. Comment on the value of each of the following materials as limes to correct the nutritional difficulties that occur with plants growing in acid soils.
a. Calcite (CaCO3)__________________________________________________________________________
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b. Dolomite________________________________________________________________________________
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c. Quicklime_______________________________________________________________________________
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d. Wood ashes______________________________________________________________________________
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(4)15. Define these terms.
a. Active soil acidity _________________________________________________________________________
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b. Reserve soil acidity _______________________________________________________________________
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(4) 16. Why is the lime requirement to raise a sandy clay loam from pH 5.5 to pH 6.5 larger than that required to raise the pH of a sandy loam from pH 5.5 to pH 6.5.
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(6)17. Describe a process through which each of the following activities lead to soil acidification.
a. Leaching ________________________________________________________________________________
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b. Additions of organic matter to soil ___________________________________________________________
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c. Microbial activity _________________________________________________________________________
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(4)18. Evaluate the following practices of utilization of limestone on land.
a. Application of limestone to the surface of land then plowing the limestone into the soil with a moldboard plow.
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b. Selection of coarse limestones (10 to 25-mesh) to lessen the frequency of limestone applications.
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