P284 Bibliography

Special Relativity

Scientific American Nov (1964) p. 107 – "The Michelson-Morley Experiment" Shankland ... a detailed popular account of the experiment which disproved the hypothesis of a stationary ether.

Physics Today Sep (1960) p. 24 - "The Visual Appearance of Rapidly Moving Objects" Weisskopf ... a careful description of 3D objects moving at relativistic velocities. Expands on the ideas of figures 2.11 and 2.12 in the book.

Scientific American Feb (1963) p. 134 – "The Clock Paradox" Bronowski ... a broad introduction to Special Relativity, focussing on time dilation.

Physics Today May (1987) p. 69 - "Modern Tests of Special Relativity" Hougan and Will ... a description of some modern descendants of the Michelson-Morley experiment.

Scientific American Feb (1992) p. 70 – "Laser Trapping of Neutral Particles" Steven Chu ... laser cooling, optical molasses, atomic fountains, optical tweezers; all explained by the Nobel laureate who helped pioneer the field.

http://www.nobel.se/announcement-97/physics97.html ... Nobel committee's description of the 97 physics prize which was awarded for laser cooling. Many other references are listed.

General Relativity

American Journal of Physics (1972) p. 746 - "The Relativity Twins in Free Fall" Holstein and Swift ... a general relativistic version of the twin paradox discussed by two UMass professors. What happens when Frank and Mary are in circular (free fall) orbits around the earth? Who ages faster?.

Scientific American Nov (1980) p. 70 - "The Discovery of a Gravitational Lens" Chaffee ... story of the first observed gravitational lens, 18 months after its discovery.

Scientific American Jul (1988) p. 54 - "Gravitational Lenses" Turner ... an overview of gravitational lens effects and their applications.

Scientific American Jul (1968) p. 28 - "Radar Observations of the Planets" Shapiro ... a description of the use of radar echoes off the planets to test the GR prediction for time delay. As told by the man who made the measurements.

PRL 26 (71) p. 1132 Shapiro ... time delay from radar off of planets

Science News Jan 18 (1997) p. 39 - "Galactic and stellar black holes get real" ... a summary of the recent evidence that black holes lie at the center of many galaxies and that the emission spectrum from one stellar black hole is consistent with coming from an event horizon.

Scientific American April (1997) p. 52 - "Black Holes and the Information Paradox" Leonard Susskind

New York Times Feb 12 (1997) "A Bet on a Cosmic Scale, And a Consession, Sort of" ... Hawking’s concession to Thorne and Preskill that naked gravitational singularities could exist in principle.

Physical Review Letters 4 (1960) p. 337 - "The apparent weight of photons" Pound and Rebka ... the experiment which observed gravitational redshift in Jefferson Lab Tower at Harvard.

Science 177 July 14 (1972) p. 166 - "Around-the-World Atomic Clocks: Predicted Relativistic Time Gains" J. C. Hafele and Richard E. Keating; p. 168 - "Around-the-World Atomic Clocks: Observed Relativistic Time Gains" ... two back-to-back articles describing the famous experiment which observed general relativistic red-shift in cesium beam clocks that were flown around the globe.

Discover Mar (1997) - "The Gravity Probe" Gary Taubes ... an update on the Stanford gyroscope experiment which hopes to detect the effect of frame dragging near the Earth.

Popular Science Aug (1983) p. 55 - "Testing Einstein (again) with a Relativity Satellite" Fisher ... an early account of the Stanford gyroscope experiment.

http://einstein.stanford.edu/ ... home page for the gravity probe B experiment.

Scientific American Oct (1981) p. 74 - "Gravitational Waves from an Orbitting Pulsar" Weisberg, Taylor, Fowler ... an account of the 1974 discovery of the binary pulsar which indirectly proved the existence of gravity waves. Written by some of the people who discovered it.

Science 256, p. 325 "LIGO: The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory" ... an early overview of the experiment in Hamford, WA and Livingston Parish, LA to search for gravity wave signatures from cosmic events. Due to begin operation in 2000.

http://www.ligo.caltech.edu/LIGO-web/LIGO_home.html ... the The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory home page.

Clifford Will "Was Einstein Right?" Basic Books, New York (1986) ... an excellent popular book which reviews the major experimental and historical issues in General Relativity.

Kip S. Thorne "Black Holes and Time Warps" Norton, New York (1994) ... a popular book which discusses some of the latest issues about black holes, white holes and wormholes. The prologue offers a remarkably complete picture of the effects one would expect to notice on a visit to a black hole.

Quantum Philosophy and Overviews

Scientific American July 92 p.94 – "Quantum Philosophy" John Horgan ...a very nice overview of a large number of topics in modern quantum theory, including wave-particle duality, quantum wavefunction collapse, delayed choice experiments, quantum erasures, the EPR paradox, and more.

Scientific American January 88 p.46 – "Reality of the Quantum World" Abner Shimony ...a popular overview of the bizarre features of quantum mechanics, including the EPR paradox, Bell’s theorem, some recent experimental tests of the theory, Schrödinger’s cat.

Scientific American December 94 p.86 – "The Duality in Matter and Light" B.-G. Englert, M. O. Scully, H. Walther ... a detailed discussion of the double slit experiment in all its glory.

Scientific American August 93 p. 52 - "Faster than Light?" Raymond Y. Chiao, Paul G. Kwiat, Aephraim M. Steinberg ... a popular account of how quantum mechanical tunnelling can be interpretted as propogating quanta faster than the speed of light. Einstein postulates remain intact, however, since no causal phenomenon can be produced by this effect.

Discover August 98 p. 71 – "Faster Than a Speeding Photon" David H. Freedman … an introduction to Marc Millis, Raymond Chiao and Bernhard Haisch, some of the fringe physicists trying to go beyond the current theory of relativity using quantum phenomena

Physics Today April 1985 p. 38 – "Is the moon there when nobody looks? Reality and the quantum theory" N. David Mermin ... an overview and historical/philosophical discussion of the EPR paradox and related quantum spookiness.

Scientific American May 94 p. 58 – "Bohm’s Alternative to Quantum Mechanics" David Z. Albert ... an historical account of David Bohm’s interpretation of quantum mechanics in terms of hidden variable theories. This alternative to the conventional Copenhagen interpretation of QM has gained renewed interest in the last decade.

John Gribbon In Search of Schroedinger’s Cat Bantam Books (1984)

Nick Herbert Quantum Reality Anchor Press (1985)

Richard Feynman QED -- The Strange Theory of Light and Matter Princeton Univ. Press (1985)

http://www.sciam.com/explorations/091696explorations.html "Schroedinger’s Cation" ... an experimental atomic version of Schrödinger’s cat.

EPR paradox -- Bell’s Theorem

Physical Review 47, p. 777 (1935) Einstein, Podolsky, Rosen ... the original article proposing that quantum mechanics must be incomplete because it allows such action at a distance as the paradox described herein.

Physics 1, p. 195 (1964) J. S. Bell ... the elegant mathematical proof that the predictions of quantum mechanics in the EPR paradox can be experimentally differentiated from the predictions of any local causal theory.

Physics Today June 1990 p.9 "What’s wrong with these elements of reality?" N. David Mermin ... an extension of the EPR paradox to gedanken decays that produce more than two particles.

Physics World April 1995 p. 39 – "Sherlock Holmes investigates the EPR paradox" Colin Jack ... a light-hearted description of the EPR paradox by analogy to lottery odds.

Quantum Computing and Cryptography

Scientific American Oct. 95 p. 140 – "Quantum-Mechanical Computers" Seth Lloyd ... a popular account of quantum mechanical computers using as an example a collection of atoms with particular low energy states.

Scientific American Special Issue Vol 8 no. 1 1997 on "The Solid-state Century" p. 98 "Quantum Mechanical Computers" Seth Lloyd ... a slightly updated version of the preceding article.

Science 261 Sept. 17 (1993) p. 1569 – "A potentially realizable quantum computer" Seth Lloyd ... a more technical approach using operator and wave function descriptions.

Physics Today Oct. 95 p. 24 – "Quantum Information and Computation" Charles Bennett ... a brief but good overview of quantum information, qubits, data compression, teleportation, fast quantum algorithms and error correction.

Scientific American Oct. 92 p. 50 – "Quantum Cryptography" Charles H. Bennett, Gilles Brassard, and Artur K. Ekert ... a very good historical and popular description of the field by some of its pioneers.

http://www.sciam.com/explorations/091696explorations.html "Subatomic Logic"

Science News 147 Jan 14 (1995) p. 30 - "Quantum Bits: assembling a quantum computer" ... brief overview of the issues in quantum computers.

Interaction-free Measurement and Quantum Non-demolition

Scientific American Nov 96 p. 72 -- "Quantum Seeing in the Dark" Paul Kwiat, Harald Weinfurter, Anton Zeilinger ... a good popular description of how quantum optics can lead to interaction-free measurements.

Science 270 Nov 10 (1995) p. 913 – "Eraser Rubs Out Information To Reveal Light’s Dual Nature" Andrew Watson ... when are quantum paths distinguishable and when not? A good lesson in the subtleties that can arise.

Quantum Teleportation

Science News 153 Jan 17 (1998) p. 41 – "Instant Transportation: Achieving quantum teleportation in the laboratory" ... brief announcement of recent progress in two experiments in quantum teleportation of photon characteristics, via a process akin to the EPR effect.

Science News 143 Apr 10 (1993) p. 229 –"Inspecting teleported quantum information" ... announcement of the first description of quantum teleportation.

Nature 390 Dec 11 (1997) p. 229 –"Experimental quantum teleportation" Dik Bouwmeester, Jian-Wei Pan, Klaus Mattle, Manfred Eibi, Harald Weinfurter and Anton Zeilinger ... best overview of the experimental apparatus which demonstrated quantum teleportation.

C.H. Bennett, G. Brassard, C. Crepeau, R. Jozsa, A. Peres, and W. Wootters, "Teleporting an Unknown Quantum State via Dual Classical and EPR Channels", Phys. Rev. Lett. 70 (1993) p. 1895.

Charles H. Bennett and Stephen J. Wiesner "Communication via One- and Two-Particle Operators on Einstein-Podolsky States" Phys. Rev. Lett. 69 (1992) p. 2881.

http://www.research.ibm.com/quantuminfo/teleportation/... current research in quantum teleportation at IBM.

BE Condensates and Atomic Lasers

Science 269 (1995) p. 198 - "Observation of Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Dilute Atomic Vapor" Anderson, Ensher, Matthews, Wieman, Cornell ... this is the article that started all the excitement in 1995. First demonstration of a BE condensate in a gas.

Scientific American Mar (1998) p. 40 - "The Bose-Einstein Condensate" Eric A. Cornell and Carl E. Wieman ... a review of the experiment that first produced a gaseous BE condensate, by two of the researchers involved. Explanations of laser cooling, magnetic trapping and shadow snapshots of BE condensates are included.

http://cnn.com/TECH/9702/06/atom.laser/index.html ... CNN headline regarding the announcement of an "atomic" laser (that is a laser which uses atoms rather than photons).