Lesson 10: Zazaw̓aʼini
10.1 A Text

This lesson departs from the format of the earlier lessons. In place of a section of conversational material we give a transcription of a text recorded in the 1970's by the late Ella Grant describing the oolichan harvest in the old days. This text together with an English version was copied from a tape at the Kitimat Centennial Museum and has been copied onto the sound files for this course. The interviewer is Henry Vink, a linguist from the Netherlands who worked in Kitamaat in the 70's. Our transcription is lightly edited and leaves out a few words (indicated by [...]). The English version by Ella Grant is not a word-for-word translation but is fairly close. With the help of the notes at the end of the text, and the vocabulary of this lesson (many of the words have been presented in earlier lessons) you should be able to understand the text.

Wiágiwa,  1
ʼáqal wiágiwix̄i  2
lanuxʷ láalaʼina l qi Wiagiwam̓iási látemanuxʷ gúkʷela [...]  3
genuxʷ saik̓ʷ qi záxʷeni du miáix̄i.  4
G̅eláam̓isina lax̄i laal qi záxʷenax̄i gi laala.  5
Deláidisis yexsúkʷela gi laala. [...]  6
Lel ʼam̓akáp̓st̕axʷen qi begʷánemax̄i  7
qen q̓ínemq̓amic láqiamasasi.  8
N̓áukʷisis ḡwiatlás wel ... t̕ex̄ina...  9
y̓úgʷaʼina wel háil̓uatusin záxʷenax̄i 10
gemi ḡʷail hálakáp̓i. 11
Dlákaʼina l ḡánutl du q̓ágec̓ualsi qen q̓iútlisi. 12
[...] P̓aláḡualaʼin w̓aukʷs begʷánemx̄i 13
gaw̓atlap̓ina qen q̓ínemis láqiʼisi 14
[...] t̕ex̄ina [...] p̓álaʼin qen laa gis qi záxʷenax̄i. 15
ʼUm̓ác̓esgasuʼi w̓icekʷitl ʼiw̓auw̓ic q̓ínemic batlí, 16
Weli ḡwálhin qut̕áusu qi 17
weli gíisaʼina'i 18
qen m̓enx̄shelilás. 19
Lámiy̓axc̓in qi wiʼesemax̄i 20
li ʼaníqaʼin qen leqʷátlc qi 21
ʼenax̄wi hemgilásutl. 22
Wel [...] p̓álaʼin ḡeḡenemáx̄i záxʷenax̄i [...] 23
dáxʷaʼinaʼi l qi dáumax̄i qen cúsasi. 24
G̅ʷaláusui qi gi ḡʷalhelátlela25
weli du lexʷsud ḡeḡenemi weli lámiy̓axc̓ini 26
xʷíqaʼina qi t̕lúp̓exʷs qi dlaw̓esi qen t̕ex̄i [...] t̕ípuyac̓igila. 27
Sáwatinuxʷ qi l qi ḡiálix̄i genuxʷ t̕ípud qi záxʷenax̄i. 28
Lásdu qi ḡʷiatlási weli m̓útleludcuin qi 29
gi ḡʷaʼels qi semgác̓i du qi t̕ípuyac̓i 30
weli leḡʷabúdina li m̓utlelúdin qi záxʷenax̄i. 31
Galemi ḡʷalh m̓útlela lanuxʷ ʼáxʷaʼina qi 32
dáudin qi t̕latiax̄i. lanuxʷ 33
G̅ʷaláusunuxʷ qi gi ʼagegetlái t̕látiyi 36
sákelaʼins qi t̕ípuyac̓i .. t̕ípudin qi záxʷenix̄i n̓auxʷs t̕ex̄i [...] t̕ípuyac̓iax̄i. 37
G̅ʷálhi ... t̕ex̄i ... t̕ípudsu weli duel̓aʼin gáx̄gusdu t̕látiyi, 38
dlueláin ʼáxʷa qi lanuxʷ ḡʷalh ... galemnuxʷ ḡʷalh ʼaxʷa 39
lanuxʷ cíx̄sdudina kákexdlaludac̓i ʼau "can." 40
Daʼin t̕ísemi lanuxʷ láasdudina qi 41
qen dáidx̄entaʼis walhp̓áas. 42
ʼAwáiy̓udina qi 43
ḡʷálhi weli q̓epémc̓uasuina. 44
Saw̓atis ḡi gáli ḡaḡápanuxʷ t̕ex̄i... k̕ik̕áuzilhdli. 45
Li saksiwáʼina sakelaʼins qu "barrel"-kelasu 46
latl k̕áuzilhaʼin sáw̓atis qi gali begʷánemx̄i 47
lanuxʷ p̓álaʼin qix w̓icekʷitl w̓asali m̓enx̄sids helilás ʼau 48
ḡiagiwalids [welanuxʷ] ḡʷaláusuina, 49
ḡʷálhemnuxʷ genuxʷ ḡʷalh wel cúsaʼin qi záxʷeni qi cúsasui 50
li ḡʷálhinaʼi lanuxʷ n̓iáʼinaʼi -- t̕ex̄áx̄i -- denásax̄i 51
qi cúsis záxʷenx̄i n̓iáʼinaʼi. 52
G̅ʷaláusunuxʷ w̓ax̄ qi ḡʷalh w̓ax̄ p̓alalási p̓al záxʷeni 53
wel q̓ʷáx̄asaʼin w̓auxʷs begʷánemx̄i qu gusíkelasuanis, 54
laʼéxc̓in w̓áukʷax̄i kakat̕áʼin t̕íxʷa. 55
G̅iálix̄i t̕liasúis qu k̓ʷec̓is qu t̕ixʷix̄u l ḡiálix̄i. 56
W̓áukʷina welids log-silaʼina weli xʷílhaʼin 57
l látemasi leqʷelá. 58
G̅ʷálhin w̓ax̄ begʷánem weli gáx̄atusina 59
le qic May-aicx̄i ʼau t̕lexʼátlela June 60
weli gax̄ay̓axc̓in qi gáiqeli x̄aʼisax̄i 61
gáiqeli Q̓át̕idix̄ʷi.. gáiqeli Hílhzaqʷ weli dáp̓iuin qi 62
ʼáʼentasi du lháq̓esgiasi qen w̓anúdisi 63
lántlanuxʷ qi záxʷeni, 64
du qi t̕láti sáx̄gesuasi. 65
-- w̓ax̄ ḡʷiḡʷisdalásanuxʷ qix qi 66
zázaw̓aʼiniax̄i qi. 67
W̓ásḡemilh wálhdemenc qix. 68

10.2 Vocabulary

ʼagegetlai all gone from the surface or top
ʼáʼent herring eggs
ʼam̓akap̓st̕axʷ seem to be racing, trying to be first
ʼaníqaʼ go for firewood
ʼau or
ʼawáiyud let settle
ʼáxʷa skim grease or anything off surface of liquid
batlí fathom, measurement made by spread arms
cíx̄sdud put hot rocks into water or liquid
cúsa dry, to dry
da take
dáid give
-x̄enta ... I think
dáud take out
dáum sticks for hanging up oolichans to dry
dáxʷa hang up
deláid really, very
denás cedar bark or string
du and (connects nouns)
du again (short for dluʼela)
-dli/-tli called (= -kelasu)
dluela / duela again, once more
galem- ( + subject endings) as soon as, when
gala ancient, early, old (time)
gáx̄atus come downriver, down channel
gax̄ay̓axc̓in come away
gáx̄gusdu come up
gem- ( + endings) and that's why, for
gis on ground
gáisa put onto the ground
guʼatlap̓ help each other
gusí potatoes
ḡánutl night, evening
ḡelám̓isi wait (pl) on beach
ḡiagiwalids [added on, something more??]
ḡiála old times, long time ago
ḡʷaʼels ready, prepared
ḡʷail do, do thus, do like that
ḡʷaláusu finish(ed), prepare(d)
ḡʷalhelátela put something up on a rack or structure
ḡwiatlás time
ḡʷiḡʷisdalás way things are or turn out, result, condition
hálakáp̓ race, outspeed one another
helilás week, (now:) Sunday (time of rest)
hemgilasu cooked
híl̓uatus wash down river
ʼiw̓auw̓ic of a size equal to something
kakat̕á hunt, try to shoot (with a gun)
káxdlaludac̓i, kákexdlaludac̓i pot
k̕áuzilh, k̕ik̕áuzilh bentwood box
k̓ʷec̓ hide, skin (of animal), leather
lásdu (time) be there, come up
láasdud put into water or liquid
láqia catch, get, obtain
látem where (something is or happens)
leḡʷabúd make fire underneath something
leqʷá fire, campfire
leqʷelá fire
leqʷelá camp, here: logging camp
lexʷsud do something different for a change
"logs"-ilaʼina handlog
lháq̓esg edible seaweed
miáix̄i = mia -(i)ax̄i
m̓enc̓eqs one
m̓enex̄sids one
m̓útlela boil
m̓útleludcu (be) boiled
m̓utlilúd boil something
ʼenax̄ʷ- if, when
n̓iá string something up
p̓aláḡuala working together
qut̕áusu (from qut̕a) (be) filled
q̓ágec̓uals day, daytime
Q̓át̕idix̄ʷ Hartley Bay
q̓epénc̓ua dump or pour into container or enclosed space
q̓ínemis a lot, much
q̓ínemq̓amis a real lot, very much
q̓iútl get or catch a lot
q̓ʷáx̄asaʼin grow (plants)
sáik̓ʷa hunt, go after, gather
sákela use ( -s / his)
saksiwá come to be aware of something
sáw̓ati use (used with his / -s)
sáx̄gesu wanted, be wanted
semgác̓i container or bin for rendering oolichan
t̕ex̄i (also with endings) uh, hesitation form
t̕ípud press out oil
t̕ípuyac̓i basket for pressing oolichans
t̕ísem stone, rock
t̕láti grease, oolichan oil
t̕lexʼátlela first part (quarter) of month
t̕liasu sold, be sold
t̕lúp̓exʷ (-kʷ) root (of tree, etc.)
ʼum̓ác̓esgasu big thing, huge thing
wálhdem things said, what...said, words
walhp̓áas flavour
wel- ( subject endings: welan, wels,etc.) connective: and, but, etc.
wiágiwa spring season
Wiagiwam̓iás Spring Village, Oolichan Camp
w̓anúd trade, exchange
w̓asala amount, extent, size
w̓ásḡemilh that's all there is about... traditional end of story, "The End"
w̓auxʷ (-kʷ) some, other
w̓ax̄ all (that) , that which
w̓icekʷitl don't know how (much)
xʷíqa, xʷíxʷeqa pull roots from ground
x̄aʼis downriver, down channel, south
yexsúkʷela go fast, speed
y̓úgʷa rain
zázaw̓aʼini oolichan harvest, the harvesting of oolichans
10.3 Notes on the Text

General note: there are a number of places on the tape where the speaker hesitates and sometimes corrects herself. One marker of hesitation is the item t̕ex̄i, which may even have endings, it seems to be halfway between something like "uh" and a cover-all word like "what-you-may-call-it" or the like. The transcription leaves out some of false starts.

Notes are given by line numbers:

3: The name of the site means literally something like "spring place." Location is near the present-day mouth of the Kitimat River.

7: Several words in this text use the suffix -ap̓ meaning `each other.' The analysis of the first work is ʼamak- `reach something first' -ap̓ -st̕axʷ `seem to be or do ' -en is a short form of -aʼin.

9: The speaker starts to use the English word time, then starts over with the X̅. word ḡʷiatlas (also ḡʷiatlelas. The first two words together mean: `sometimes' (if or when it rains....).

11: gemi is g- -em -i, -em basically means that what is being referred to has been mentioned before. The usage here to give the reason or explanation is very common. It corresponds exactly to the sentence "Why they do that..." in the Q̓ʷemksiwak̕ala text.

15: Here and throughout the speaker uses the "hesitation form" t̕ex̄a, often with endings as here appropriate to the context, or anticipating endings on following words. 16: This line is about the bins used for letting the oolichans sit for a week (helilas). The general idea is: they are huge ( -gasu emphasized big size) and they are I don't know exactly how many batli. batla means to measure by stretching your arms out wide, often translated as measuring `fathoms' (six feet).

30: The sequence here seems to be: the boiling is mentioned, and then there is an elaboration or explanation of how the boiling is done.

31: The first word is built like this: leqʷ- `fire' =abud `underneath'. Recall discussion of effects of suffixes in Lesson 9: = indicates that the suffix causes voicing of the final consonant of the root.

32: galem- is a connective meaning `as soon as' or `when'. It works like g- and other connectives, taking regular subject endings.

37: The verb sakela takes objects that are marked with his or -s (attached to the preceding word).

37: The t̕ipuyac̓i was a long basket made from cedar bark into which the oolichans were placed to make the last pressing of oil from them. The root of this word and t̕ipud is t̕ip- meaning tread or step on something.

42: The suffix -x̄ent(a) is one of a number of suffixes that convey some general feeling or viewpoint of the speaker: surprise, expectedness, exasperation or the like.

46: saksiwa gives the idea that the people came to be aware of other possibilities and then changed to using "barrels."

54: The word for potatoes is shared by a number of different NW languages. It is popularly believed to be derived from English "good seed."

65: Analysis: sax̄g- `want' -su `-ed' -asi `by them.'

10.4 English telling by Ella Grant.

Here is a link to a soundfile of Ella Grant talking about the oolichan harvest in English.

Wasḡemilh!