Copyright 2009 by Emmon Bach. All rights reserved.

Semantics: References (with occasional annotations, !! marks EB personal favourites. Short references given immediately after some of the entries.

General background:

Bach, Emmon. 1989. Informal Lectures on Formal Semantics. Albany: SUNY Press. (Bach 1989) !! (:>)
[This book and Portner (2005) attempt to explain modern formal / model-theretic semantics with a minimum of strange formalism.]

Carpenter, Bob. 1997. Type-Logical Semantics. Cambridge, Massachusetts / London: MIT Press.

Dowty, David R. 1979. Word Meaning and Montague Grammar. !! Dordrecht: Reidel.

Dowty, David R., Robert E. Wall, and Stanley Peters. 1981. Introduction to Montague Semantics. Dordrecht: Reidel.
[A basic textbook presentation of Montague semantics.]

Gamut, L.T.F. [pseud.] 1982. Logica, taal en betekinis: Intensionale logica en logische grammatica. Vols. 1, 2. Utrecht/Antwerpen: Het Spectrum. !! (Next two items are translations of this.)
[Absolutely fundamental reference for basic and advanced model theoretic semantic. GAMUT is an acronym for Groningen, AMsterdam, UTrecht, very important centres for the development of modern linguistic semantics.]

Gamut, L.T.F. [pseud.]. 1991a. Logic, Language, and Meaning. Vol. 1: Introduction to Logic. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.

Gamut, L.T.F. [pseud.]. 1991b. Logic, Language, and Meaning. Vol. 2: Intensional Logic and Logical Grammar. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.

Landman, Fred. 1991. Structures for Semantics. Dordrecht / Boston / London: Dordrecht. !!
[A basic reference for many logical and mathematical concepts used in semantics.

Lappin, Shalom, ed. 1996. The Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory. [Oxford]: Blackwell.
[State of the art essays from a decade ago.]

Portner, Paul H. 2005. What is Meaning? Fundamentals of Formal Semantics. Blackwell Publishing. (Portner 2005) !!
[See comment under Bach 1989. This book is more up to date and covers a wider range of material.

Davis, Steven and Brendan S. Gillon, eds. 2004. Semantics: a Reader. Oxford University Press. [This book and the next contain many basic papers in linguistic semantics.]

Portner, Paul, and Barbara H. Partee, eds. 2002. Formal Semantics: the Essential Readings. [Oxford] Blackwell. (P&P 2002)

Special references:

Ackerman, Farrell and Gert Webelhuth. 1998. A Theory of Predicates. Stanford: CSLI Publications.

Ackerman, Farrell and John Moore. 2001. Proto-Properties and Grammatical Encoding: A Correspondence Theory of Argument Selection. Stanford: CSLI Publications.

Ajdukiewicz, Kasimierz. 1935. Die syntaktische Konnexita̎t. Studia Philosophica 1: 1-27. Translated as `Syntactic connexion' in Storrs McCall, ed., Polish Logic: 1920-1939 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1967).

Anderson, Stephen R. 1992. A-Morphous Morphology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

[Arnauld, Antoine.] 1683. La logique ou L'art de penser : contenant outre les regles communes, plusieurs observations nouvelles, propres à former le jugement. Paris : G. Desprez, 1683. Translated at various times as The Art of Thinking.!!

Bach, Emmon. 1965. Structural Linguistics and the Philosophy of Science. Diogenes 51, 111-128. (Also appeared in French.)

Bach, Emmon. l976. An Extension of Classical Transformational Grammar. In Problems of Linguistic Metatheory (Proceedings of the l976 Conference). Michigan State University
This paper is often referred to as the source of the terminology for the rule-to-rule or rule-by-rule relationship between syntax and semantic interpretation. (Copy online)

Bach, Emmon. 1979. Montague Grammar and Classical Transformational Grammar. in Steven Davis and Marianne Mithun (eds.), Linguistics, Philosophy, and Montague Grammar, Austin: University of Texas Press.

Bach, Emmon. 1980. Tenses and Aspects as Functions on Verb-Phrases. in C. Rohrer (ed.), Time, Tense and Quantifiers: Proceedings of the Stuttgart Conference on the Logic of Tense and Quantification.

Bach, Emmon. 1981. On Time, Tense, and Aspect: An Essay in English Metaphysics. in Peter Cole (ed.), Radical Pragmatics, New York: Academic Press, 63-8l

Bach, Emmon. 1983. On the relationship between word-grammar and phrase-grammar. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory. 1.65-89.

Bach, Emmon. 1986a. The Algebra of Events. Linguistics and Philosophy 9 (1986): 5-16. !! [reprinted in Portner and Partee 2002: pp. 324-333.] Reprinted in Paul Portner and Barbara H. Partee, eds. 2002. Formal Semantics: the Essential Readings. [Oxford] Blackwell. Reprinted in Inderjeet Mani, James Pustejovsky, and Rob Gaizauskas, eds., The Language of Time: a Reader. (2005: Oxford: Oxford University Press), pp. 61-69.

Bach, Emmon. 1986b. Natural Language Metaphysics. In R. Barcan Marcus, G.J.W. Dorn and P. Weingartner, eds. Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science VII (Amsterdam et al.: North Holland, 1986), pp. 573-595. !!

Bach, Emmon. 1988. Categorial Grammars as Theories of Language. In Oehrle et al. (1988) , pp. 17-34.

Bach, Emmon. 1994. The semantics of syntactic categories: a cross-linguistic perspective. In John Macnamara and Gonzalo E. Reyes, eds., The Logical Foundations of Linguistic Theory (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press), pp. 264--281.

Bach, Emmon. 2002. On the surface verb qʼayʼaiˈqela. Linguistics and Philosophy 25: 531-544.

Bach, Emmon. [2002] Structure and Texture: Toward an Understanding of Real Languages. Paper presented at WECOL 2002, UBC.

Bach, Emmon. 2004. Linguistic universals and particulars. In Piet van Sterkenburg, ed., Linguistics Today - Facing a Greater Challenge (Amsterdam / Philadelphia: Benjamins), pp. 47-60. [= Invited address presented at the XVII International Congress of Linguists. Prague.] (Preconference version online.

Bach, Emmon. 2005. Is word-formation compositional? In Gregory N. Carlson and Francis Jeffery Pelletier, eds. Reference and Quantification: The Partee Effect (Stanford: CSLI Publications, 2005), pp. 107-112.

Bach, Emmon. [under construction] Sketch of Western Abenaki Grammar
(under construction: check for revisions from time to time).

Bach, Emmon, Eloise Jelinek, Angelika Kratzer, and Barbara H. Partee, eds. 1995. Quantification in Natural Languages. Dordrecht: Kluwer.

Bach, Emmon, and Robin Cooper. 1978. The NP-S Analysis of Relative Clauses and Compositional Semantics. Linguistics and Philosophy, 2:l45-l50.

Bach, Emmon and Wynn Chao. [2009:in press] On semantic universals and typology. In Chris Collins, Morten Christiansen and Shimon Edelman, eds., Language Universals (Oxford: Oxford University Press).

Bach, Emmon, and Wynn Chao. In press. Language universals from a semantic perspective. To appear in Claudia Maienborn, Klaus von Heusinger, and Paul Portner, eds. Semantics: An International Handbook of Natural Language Meaning. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.

Barwise, Jon, and Robin Cooper. 1981. Generalized quantifiers and natural languages. Linguistics and Philosophy 4: 159-219. !! Reprinted in Portner and Partee, 2002.

Barwise, J., & Perry, J. 1983. Situations and Attitudes. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.

Bennett, Michael. 1974. Some extensions of a Montague fragment of English. Ph.D. dissertation: University of California, Los Angeles.

Bennett, Michael. 1976. Variation and extension of a Montague fragment of English. In Barbara H. Partee, ed. Montague Grammar (New York, et al.: Academic Press), pp. 119-163.

Benthem, J. van 1983. The Logic of Time. Dordrecht: Kluwer.

Blevins, Juliette. 2004. Evolutionary Phonology: The Emergence of Sound Patterns. Cambridge University Press.

Bloomfield, Leonard. 1914. Introduction to the Study of Language. New York: Henry Holt.

Bloomfield, Leonard. 1933. Language. New York: Henry Holt.
One of the foundational works of American structuralism.

Carlson, Greg N. 1977. Reference to kinds in English. Ph.D. dissertation: University of Massachusetts, Amherst.

Carlson, Gregory N. and Francis Jeffry Pelletier, eds. 1995. The Generic Book. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.

Chierchia, Gennaro. 1984. Topics in the syntax and semantics of infinitives and gerunds. Ph.D. dissertation: The University of Massachusetts, Amherst (G.L.S.A.).

Chierchia, Gennaro, and Ray Turner. 1988. Semantics and property theory. Linguistics and Philosophy 11:261-302.

Chierchia, Gennaro. 1995. Dynamics of Meaning. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Chomsky, Noam. 1953. Systems of Syntactic Analysis. Journal of Symbolic Logic 18:242-256. [See History, Notes 2. Chomsky's first published work. It is devoted to giving an inscriptional basis for the distributional analyses of his mentor Zellig Harris.]

Chomsky, Noam. 1957. Syntactic Structures. The Hague: Mouton.

Chomsky, Noam. 1966. Topics in the Theory of Generative Grammar. In Current Trends in Linguistics 3: Theoretical Foundations edited by T. Sebeok, 1-60. The Hague: Mouton, 1966.

Cooper, Robin. 1983. Quantification and Syntactic Theory. Dordrecht: Reidel.

Cooper, Robin, and Terry Parsons. 1976. Montague grammar, generative grammar, and interpretive semantics. In Barbara H. Partee, Barbara, ed., Montague Grammar. (New York, et al.: Academic Press), pp. 311-362.

Corbett, Greville G. 2000. Number. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Cresswell, Max J. 1973. Logics and Languages. London: Methuen. !!
[See History, Notes 1. Cresswell early and important figure in natural languages semantics. Note date.]

Curry, Haskell B. 1961. Some logical aspects of grammatical structure. In Roman Jakobson, ed., Structure of Language and its Mathematical Aspects. Providence: Proceedings of Symposia in Applied Mathematics, XII, American Mathematical Society. Pp. 56-68

Curry, Haskell B., and Robert Feys. 1958. Combinatory Logic: Vol. I Amsterdam: North Holland.

Davis, Steven and Marianne Mithun, eds. 1979. Linguistics, Philosophy, and Montague Grammar. Austin and London: The University of Texas Press.

Davidson, D. 1967. The logical form of action sentences. In N. Rescher, ed., The Logic of Decision and Action (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press), pp. 81-120.

Davidson, Donald. 1980. Essays on Actions and Events. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Di Sciullo, Anna-Marie and Edwin Williams. 1987. On the Definition of Word. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.

Dowty, David R. 1978. Lexically governed transformations as lexical rules in a Montague Grammar. Linguistic Inquiry 1: 45-78.

Dowty, David R. 1979. Word Meaning and Montague Grammar. Dordrecht: Reidel.

Dowty, David. 2007. Compositionality as an Empirical Problem. In Chris Barker and Pauline Jacobson, eds., Direct Compositionality (Oxford: Oxford University Press), pp. 23-101.

Everett, Daniel L. 2005. Cultural constraints on grammar and cognition in Piraha. Current Anthropology Volume 46, Number 4 (August-September).

Davidson, Donald, and Gilbert Harman, eds. 1972. Semantics of Natural Language. Dordrecht: Reidel.

Dixon, R.M.W, and Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald. 2004. Adjective Classes: a Cross-linguistic Typology. New York / Oxford: Oxford Universtity Press.

von Fintel, Kai, and Lisa Matthewson. [2007] Universals in Semantics. To appear in Linguistic Review. Available on http://ling.auf.net/lingBuzz.

Fodor, Jerry and Ernie Lepore. 1998. The emptiness of the lexicon: reflections on Pustejovsky. Linguistic Inquiry 29:269-88. reprinted in Fodor and Lepore 2002.

Fodor, Jerry and Ernie Lepore. 2002. The Compositionality Papers. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Frege, Gottlob. 1892. U̎ber Sinn und Bedeutung. Zeitschrift fu̎r Philosophie und philosophische Kritik. N.S. 100, pp. 25-50. On sense and reference. Translated in Frege 1984. !!
[This and the next paper are fundamental for the whole enterprise of linguistic semantics. Explication and elaboration of Frege's distinction between Sense and Reference makes up a large chapter of modern semantics.]

Frege, Gottlob. 1918-1919. Der Gedanke: eine logische Untersuchung. Beitra̎ge zur Philosophie des deutschen Idealismus 2, pp. 58-77. The thought: a logical investigation. Translated in Frege 1984. !!

Frege, Gottlob. 1984. Collected Papers on Mathematics, Logic, and Philosopy. Edited by Brian McGuiness. [Translated by Max Black, V. H. Dudman, Peter Geach, Hans Kaal, E.-H. W. Kluge, Brian McGuiness, R.H. Stoothoff.] Basil Blackwell.

Geach, Peter. 1972. A program for syntax. In Davidson and Harman 1972.

Grice, H. P. Logic and conversation. In P. Cole and J. L. Morgan, eds., Speech Acts (Syntax and Semantics 3), pp. 41-58.

Groenendijk, Jeroen, and Martin Stokhof. 1990. Dynamic Montague Grammar. In L. Kalman and L. Polos, eds. Papers from the Second Symposium on Logic and Language. Budapest: Akadémiai Kaidó.

Groenendijk, Jeroen, and Martin Stokhof. 1991. Dynamic Predicate Logic. Linguistics and Philosophy 14:39-100.

Hale, Ken. 1975. Gaps in grammar and culture. In M D Kinkade, K L Hale and O. Werner, eds., Linguistics and Anthropology, in Honor of C. F. Voegelin (Lisse: Peter de Ridder Press), pp. 295-315. SOAS Library: A417/358274.

Harbour, Daniel. 2007. Morphosemantic Number: from Kiowa Noun Classes to UG Number Features. [n.p.] Springer.

Harman, Gilbert. 1963. Generative grammars without transformation rules: a defense of phrase structure. Language 39 (1963) pp. 597- 616.

Harman, Gilbert. 1966. The adequacy of context-free phrase structure grammars. Word 22: 276-293.

Harris, Randy Allen. 1995. The Linguistic Wars. Oxford University Press.

Harris, Zellig S. 1951. Structural Linguistics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. [originally: Methods in Structural Linguistics ]

Heim, I. R. 1982. The Semantics of Definite and Indefinite Noun Phrases, Ph.D. dissertation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst.

Heim, Irene. 1983. File change semantics and the familiarity theory of definiteness. In Rainer Ba̎uerle, Christoph Schwarze and Arnim von Stechow, eds., Meaning, Use, and the Interpretation of Language (Walter de Gruyter), pp. 164-190. [Reprinted in Portner and Partee 2002: pp. 223-248.]

Hockett, Charles F. 1954. Two models of grammatical description. Word 10: 210-231. !!

Jackendoff, Ray S. 1977. X'-Syntax: a Study of Phrase Structure. Cambridge, MA: MIT.

Jacobson, Pauline. 1999. Towards a variable-free semantics. Linguistics and Philosophy 22:117-184.

Jacobson, Pauline. 2000. Paycheck pronouns, Bach-Peters sentences, and variable-free semantics. Natural Language Semantics 8:77-155.

Jakobson, Roman. 1959. Boas' view of grammatical meaning. Selected Writings II:489--496. (Reprinted in Waugh and Monville-Burston, 1990: pp. 324--331.)

Karttunen, Lauri. 1976. Discourse referents. In James D. McCawley, ed., Notes from the Linguistic Underground. Syntax and Semantics, No. 7. New York: Academic Press.

Katz, Jerry J. and Jerry A. Fodor. 1963. The structure of a semantic theory. Language 39:170-210.

Katz, Jerry J. and Paul Postal. 1964. An Integrated Theory of Linguistic Descriptions. Cambridge: MIT Press.

Kamp, H. 1981. A Theory of Truth and Semantic Representation. In J. Groenendijk, T. Janssen, and M. Stokhof, eds., Formal Methods in the Study of Language, Part 1: 277-322 (Amsterdam: Mathematical Centre Tracts 135). [Reprinted in Portner and Partee 2002: pp. 223-248.]

Kamp, H. and U. Reyle. 1993. From Discourse to Logic. Dordrecht: Kluwer.

Keenan, Edward L. and Leonard M. Faltz. 1985. Boolean Semantics for Natural Language. Dordrecht: Reidel.
[A fundamental alternative approach to natural language semantics. See History, Notes 1.

Keenan, Edward, and Edward Stabler. 2003. Bare Grammar: a Study of Language Invariants. Stanford: CSLI.

Kenny, Anthony. 1963. Actions, Emotions, and Will. Humanities Press.

Kratzer, Angelika. 2007. Situations in Natural Language Semantics. Online in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.

Ladusaw, William. 1979. Polarity sensitivity as Inherent Scope Relations. Ph.D. dissertation: The University of Texas, Austin.

Lambek, Joachim. 1961. On the calculus of syntactic types. In R. Jakobson, ed., Structure of Language and its Mathematical Aspects. Providence: Proceedings of Symposia in Applied Mathematics, XII, American Mathematical Society. Pp. 166-178.

Lambek, Joachim. 1958. The mathematics of sentence structure. American Mathematical Monthly 65: 154-170.

Landman, Fred. 2000. Events and Plurality. Dordrecht / Boston / London: Dordrecht.

Laurent, Joseph. 1884. New familar Abenakis and English dialogues. Quebec: Leger Brousseau. (JL84)

Lewis, David. 1972. General semantics. In Donald Davidson and Gilbert Harman, eds., Semantics of Natural Language (Dordrecht: Reidel), pp. 169-218. !!
[Note date: See comments in History, Notes 1]

Lewis, D. 1975. Adverbs of quantification. In E. L. Keenan, ed., Formal Semantics of Natural Language (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), pp. 3-15. !! [Reprinted in Portner and Partee 2002: pp. 178-188.] [Fundamental for treatments of quantification "on beyond Montague", for example work of Hans Kamp and Irene Heim, taken up in Notes 6.]

Link, Godehard. 1983. The logical analysis of plurals and mass terms. In R. Baa̎erle, Ch. Schwarze, and A. von Stechow, eds., Meaning, Use, and Interpretation of Language (Berlin: de Gruyter), pp. 302-323.

Link, Godehard. 1998. Algebraic Semantics in Language and Philosophy. Stanford: CSLI Publications.

Lyons, John. 1966. Towards a `notional' theory of the `parts of speech.' Journal of Linguistics 2: 209-236. !!

Matthews, P. H. 2007. Syntactic Relations: a Critical Survey. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Montague, Richard. 1970a. English as a formal language. [Paper 6 in Montague, 1974.] EFL !!
[Sometimes jocularly referred to as "English as a Foreign Language."

Montague, Richard. 1970b. Universal Grammar. [Paper 7 in Montague, 1974.] !!
[Montague's general -- hence "universal" -- theory. Not "universal" in the linguist's sense.]

Montague, R. 1973. The proper treatment of quantification in ordinary English. In Richard Montague, Formal Philosophy, edited by Richmond Thomason (New Haven: Yale University Press), pp. 247-270. (reprinted in Montague 1974, P&P 2000) PTQ !!
[See section on History, Notes 1 for an assessment of this ground-breaking work. Somewhat formidable: beginning semantics courses used to standardly devote a whole semester to this work. Dowty, Wall, and Peters 1981 is a whole textbook devoted to Montague semantics.]

Montague, Richard. 1974. Formal Philosophy. Edited by Richmond H. Thomason. New Haven: Yale University Press.
[Contains Montague's three basic papers on natural language semantics. Somewhat formidable.]

Oehrle, Richard T., Emmon Bach, and Deirdre Wheeler, eds. 1988. Categorial Grammars and Natural Language Structures. Dordrecht / Boston / Lancaster / Tokyo: Reidel.

Parsons, Terence. 1979. Type theory and ordinary language. In Davis and Mithun, 1979, pp. 127-151.

Parsons, T. 1990. Events in the Semantics of English: a Study in Subatomic Semantics. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.

Partee, Barbara. 1975. Montague Grammar and Transformational Grammar. Linguistic Inquiry 6:203-300.

Partee, Barbara, ed., Montague Grammar. (New York, et al.: Academic Press), pp. 311-362.

Partee, Barbara H. 1984 Compositionality. In F. Landman and F. Veltman, eds. Varieties of Formal Semantics (Foris), pp. 281-311. (Reprinted as Chapter 7 in Partee, 2004, pp. 153-161)

Partee, B. H. 1987. Noun Phrase Interpretation and Type-Shifting Principles. In J. Groenendijk, D. de Jongh and M. Stokhof, eds., Studies in Discourse Representation Theory and the Theory of Generalized Quantifiers (GRASS 8; Dordrecht: Foris), 115-143.

Partee, Barbara H. 2004. Compositionality in Formal Semantics. Blackwell Publishing.
[A number of Partee's important papers reprinted here, plus a valuable view of the history of linguistic semantics. See History, Notes 1 for assessment of Partee's role in the early development of linguistic semantics.]

Partee, Barbara H. 1996. The development of formal semantics in linguistic theory. In Lappin 1996: 11-38.

Partee, Barbara H., Alice ter Meulen, and Robert E. Wall. 1990. Mathematical Methods in Linguistics. Dordrecht / Boston / London: Kluwer.

Partee, Barbara and Mats Rooth. 1983. Generalized conjunction and type ambiguity. In Rainer Ba̎uerle, Christoph Schwarze, and Arnim von Stechow, eds., Meaning, Use, and Interpretation of Language (Berlin: de Gruyter), pp. 361-383.

Postal, Paul. 1969. On so-called "pronouns" in English. In David Reibel & Sanford Schane, eds., Modern Studies in English (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall), 201-224.

Pustejovky, James. 1998. The Generative Lexicon. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.

Quine, Willard V.O. 1948. On What There Is. 2 (1948): 21-28.
[Reprinted in many places including W.V.O. Quine, From a Logical Point of View. 2nd ed. 1980 Harvard UP.]

Quine, W. V. O. 1960. Variables Explained Away. in Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society (June 1960), 104(3): 343-347. [reprinted in W. V. Quine's Selected Logic Papers

Rullmann, Hotze, and Aili You. 2006. General Number and the Semantics and Pragmatics of Indefinite Bare Nouns in Mandarin Chinese. In Klaus von Heusinger and Ken P. Turner (eds.) Where Semantics Meets Pragmatics, pp. 175-196. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

Sapir, Edward S. 1921. Language: an Introduction to the Study of Speech. New York: Harcourt, Brace.

Schwarzschild, R. 1990. Against groups. In M. Stokhof and L. Torenvliet, eds., Proceedings of the Seventh Amsterdam Colloquium (Universiteit van Amsterdam: Institute for Language, Logic, and Information), pp. 475-493.

Schwarzschild, R. 1991. On the Meaning of Definite Plural Noun Phrases. Ph.D dissertation, The University of Massachusetts, Amherst.

Scho̎nfinkel, M. 1924. U̎ber die Bausteine der mathematischen Logik. Mathematishe Annalen 92:305-316.

Scott, Gary. 2002. Stacked adjectival modification and the structure of nominal phrases. In Guglielmo Cinque, ed., Functional Structure in the DP and the IP: the Cartography of Syntactic Structures, Vol I (Oxford / New York: Oxford University Press), pp. 91-12k̓.

Scott, G.-J. 2003. The Syntax and Semantics of Adjectives: a Cross-linguistic Study. Ph.D. dissertation, SOAS, The University of London.

Siegel, Muffy E. A. 1976a. Capturing the Adjective. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst. (Garland Press edition, 1980.)

Siegel, Muffy E. A. 1976b. Capturing the Russian adjective. In Barbara H. Partee, Barbara, ed., Montague Grammar. (New York, et al.: Academic Press), pp. 293-309.

Smullyan, Raymond. 1982. To Mock a Mockingbird and Other Logic Puzzles. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Spencer, Andrew. 2004. Morphology -- an overview of central concepts. In Louisa Sadler and Andrew Spencer, eds., Projecting Morphology (Stanford: CSLI), pp. 67-109.

Stabler, Edward P. 1997. Computing quantifier scope. In Anna `Szabolcsi, ed.,Ways of Scope Taking (Dordrecht / Boston / London: 1997), pp. 155-182.

Steedman, Mark. 1988. Combinators and grammars. In Richard Oehrle, Emmon Bach, and Deirdre Wheeler, eds., Categorial Grammars and Natural Language Structures (Dordrecht / Boston / Lancaster / Tokyo: Reidel), pp. 417-442.

Steedman, Mark. 1996. Surface Structure and Interpretation. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.

Steedman, Mark. 2000. The Syntactic Process. Cambridge, Massachusetts / London: MIT Press.
[Combinatory categorial grammar defended and applied to semantics and intonation.]

Thomason, Richmond. 1972. A semantic theory of sortal incorrectness. Journal of Philosophical Logic 1: 209-258.

Vendler, Zeno. 1967. Linguistics in Philosophy. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.

Verkuyl, H.J. 1972. On the Compositional Nature of the Aspects. Dordrecht: Reidel.

Waldo, James. 1979. A PTQ semantics for sortal incorrectness. In Davis and Mithun, 1979: pp. 311-331.

Watkins, Laurel J. 1984. A Grammar of Kiowa With the assistance of Parker McKenzie. Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press.

Waugh, Linda R, and Monique Monville-Burston, eds. 1990. On Language: Roman Jakobson . Cambridge, Massachusetts / London: Harvard University Press.

Wood, Mary McGee. 1993. Categorial Grammars. London and New York: Routledge. Linguistic Theory Guides.