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©1643 Williams, Roger. A Key into the language of Americaª


A KEY into the
LANGUAGE
OF
AMERICA:
{OR}
An help to the {Language} of the {Natives}
in that part of AMERICA, called
NEW-ENGLAND.

Together, with briefe {Observations} of the Customes,
Manners and Worships, {&c.} of the
aforesaid {Natives}, in Peace and Warre,
in Life and Death.

On all which are added Spirituall {Observations},
Generall and Particular by the {Authour}, of
chiefe and speciall use (upon all occasions,) to
all the {English} Inhabiting those parts;
yet pleasant and profitable to
the view of all men:

----------------------------------
BY ROGER WILLIAMS
of {Providence} in {New-England}.
----------------------------------

{LONDON,}
Printed by {Gregory Dexter}, 1643.


<A2r.>

        {To my Deare and Welbeloved}
       Friends {and} Counrey-men, {in old
             and new} ENGLAND.

I Present you with a {Key}; I have
not heard of the like, yet framed,
since it pleased God to
bring that mighty {Continent} of
{America} to light: Others of my Country-men
have often, and excellently, and
lately written of the {Countrey} (and none
that I know beyond the goodnesse and
worth of it.)

This {Key}, respects the {Native Language}
of it, and happily may unlocke some {Rarities}
concerning the {Natives} themselves,
not yet discovered.

I drew the {Materialls} in a rude lumpe at
Sea, as a private {helpe} to my owne memory,
that I might not by my present absence

<A2v.> <{To the Reader.}>

{lightly lose} what I had so {dearely
bought} in some few yeares {hardship}, and
charges among the {Barbarians}; yet being
reminded by some, what pitie it were to
bury those {Materialls} in my {Grave} at land
or Sea; and withall, remembring how oft
I have been importun'd by {worthy friends},
of all sorts, to afford them some helps this
way.

I resolved (by the assistance of {the most
 High}) to cast those {Materialls} into this
{Key}, {pleasant} and {profitable} for {All}, but specially
for my {friends} residing in those parts:

A little {Key} may open a {Box}, where lies
a {bunch} of {Keyes}

With this I have entred into the secrets
of those {Countries}, where ever {English} dwel
about two hundred miles, betweene the
{French} and {Dutch} Plantations; for want
of this, I know what grosse {mis-takes} my
selfe and others have run into.

There is a mixture of this {Language}
{North} and {South}, from the place of my
abode, about six hundred miles; yet within
the two hundred miles (aforementioned)

<A3r.> <{To the Reader.}>

their {Dialects} doe exceedingly differ;
yet not so, but (within that compasse)
a man may, by this {helpe}, converse with
{thousands} of {Natives} all over the {Countrey}:
and by such converse it may please the {Father}
of {Mercies} to spread {civilitie}, (and in
his owne most holy season) {Christianitie};
for {one Candle} will light {ten thousand}, and
it may please {God} to blesse a {little Leaven}
to season the {mightie Lump} of those {Peoples}
and {Territories}.

It is expected, that having had so much
converse with these {Natives}, I should
write some litle of them.

Concerning them (a little to gratifie
expectation) I shall touch upon {foure
Heads:}

First, by what {Names} they are distinguished.

Secondly, Their {Originall} and {Descent}.

Thirdly, their {Religion}, {Manners}, {Customes},
&c.

Fourthly, That great {Point} of their {Conversion.}

To the first, their {Names} are of two
sorts:

<A3v.> <{To the Reader.}>

First, those of the {English} giving: as {Natives},
{Salvages}, {Indians}, {Wild-men}, (so the
{Dutch} call them {Wilden}) {Abergeny men}, {Pagans},
{Barbarians}, {Heathen}.

Secondly, their {Names}, which they give
themselves.

I cannot observe, that they ever had
(before the comming of the {English}, {French}
or {Dutch} amongst them) any {Names} to
difference {themselves} from strangers, for
they knew none; but two sorts of {names}
they had, and have amongst {themselves}.

First, {generall}, belonging to all {Natives},
as {|N¡nnuock|}, {|Ninnimiáinn–wock|}, {|Eniskeetompa�wog|},
which signifies {Men}, {Folke}, or
{People}.

Secondly, particular {names}, peculiar
to severall {Nations}, of them amongst {themselves},
as, {|Nanhiggan‰uck|}, {|Massachusˆuck|},
{|Cawasumsˆuck|}, {|Cowwes‰uck|}, {|Quintik¢ock|},
{|Qunnipi‰uck|}, {|Pequtt¢og|}, &c.

They have often asked mee, why wee
call them {Indians}, {Natives}, &c. And understanding
the reason, they will call
themselues {Indians}, in opposition to {English},
&c.

<A4r.> <{To the Reader.}>

For the second Head proposed, their
{Originall} and {Descent}.

From {Adam} and {Noah} that they spring,
it is granted on all hands.

But for their later {Descent}, and whence
they came into those parts, it seemes as
hard to finde, as to finde the {Wellhead} of
some fresh {Streame}, which running many
miles out of the {Countrey} to the salt {Ocean},
hath met with many mixing {Streames} by
the way. They say themselves, that they
have {sprung} and {growne} up in that very
place, like the very {trees} of the {Wildernesse}.

They say that their {Great God Cawt ntowwit}
created those parts, as I observed
in the Chapter of their {Religion}. They
have no {Clothes}, {Bookes}, nor {Letters}, and
conceive their {Fathers} never had; and
therefore they are easily perswaded that
the {God} that made {English} men is a greater
{God}, because Hes hath so richly endowed
the {English} above {themselves}: But
when they heare that about sixteen hundred
yeeres agoe, {England} and the {Inhabitants}
thereof were like unto {themselves},

<A4v.> <{To the Reader.}>

and since have received from {God}, {Clothes},
{Bookes}, &c. they are greatly affected with
a secret hope concerning {themselves}.

{Wise} and {Judicious} men, with whom I
have discoursed, maintaine itheir {Originall}
to be {Northward} from {Tartaria}: and at my
now taking ship, at the {Dutch Plantation},
it pleased the {Dutch} Governour, (in some
discourse with mee about the {Natives}), to
draw their {Line} from {Iceland}, because the
name {Sackmakan} (the name for an {Indian Prince},
about the {Dutch}) is the name for a
{Prince} in {Iceland}.

Other opinions I could number up:
under favour I shall present (not mine
opinion, but) my {Observations} to the
judgement of the Wise.

First, others (and my selfe) have conceived
some of their words to hold affinitie
with the {Hebrew}.

Secondly, they constantly {annoint} their
{heads} as the {Jewes} did.

Thirdly, they give {Dowries} for their
wives, as the {Jewes} did.

Fourthly (and which I have not so observed

<[A5r.]> <{To the Reader.}>

amongst other {Nations} as amongst
the {Jewes}, and {these}:) they constantly seperate
their Women (during the time of
their monthly sicknesse) in a little house
alone by themselves foure or five dayes,
and hold it an {Irreligious thing} for either
{Father} or {Husband} or any {Male} to come
neere them.

They have often asked me if it bee so
with {women} of other {Nations}, and whether
they are so {separated}: and for their practice
they plead {Nature} and {Tradition}. Yet
againe I have found a greater {Affinity} of
their Language with the {Greek} Tongue.

2. As the {Greekes} and other {Nations},
and our selves call the seven {Starres} (or
Charles Waine) the {Beare}, so doe they
{Mosk} or {Paukunnawaw} the Beare.

3. They have many strange Relations
of one {|W‚tucks|}, a man that wrought great
{Miracles} amongst them, and {walking upon
the waters}, &c. with some kind of broken
Resemblance to the {Sonne of God}.

Lastly, it is famous that the {|Sowwest|}
({|Sowaniu|}) is the great Subject of their discourse.

<[A5v.]> <{To the Reader.}>

From thence their {Traditions}.
There they say (at the {South-west}) is the
Court of their {great God |Caut ntouwit|}: At
{the South-west} are their {Forefathers} soules:
{to the South west} they goe themselves when
they dye; From the {South-west} came their
{Corne}, and Beanes out of their Great {God}
{|Caut ntowwits|} field: And indeed the further
{Northward} and {Westward} from us their
Corne will not grow, but to the {outhward}
better and better. I dare not conjecture
in these {Vncertainties}, I believe
they are {lost}, and yet hope (in the Lords
holy season) some of the wildest of them
shall be found to share in the blood of
the Son of God. To the third {Head}, concerning
their {Religion}, {Customes}, {Manners}
&c. I shall here say nothing, because
in those, 32. Chapters of the whole Book,
I have briefly touched those of all sorts,
from their {Birth} to their {Burialls}, and
have endeavoured (as the nature of the
worke would give way) to bring some
short {Observations} and {Applications} home
to {Europe} from {America}.

<[A6r.]> <{To the Reader.}>

Therefore fourthly, to that great Point
of their {Conversion} so much to bee longed
for, and by all {New-English} so much pretended,
and I hope in Truth.

For my selfe I have uprightly laboured
to suite my endeavours to my pretences:
and of later times (out of desire to attaine
their Language) I have run through varieties
of {Intercourses} with them Day and
Night, Summer and Winter, by Land
and Sea; particular passages tending to
this, I have related divers, in the Chapter
of their Religion.

Many solemne discourses I have had
with all {sorts of Nations} of them, from one
end of the Countrey to another (so farre
as opportunity, and the little Language
I have could reach.)

I know there is no small {preparation} in
the hearts of Multitudes of them. I know
their many solemne {Confeáions} to my self,
and one to another of their lost {wandring
Conditions}.

I know strong {Convictions} upon the {Consciences}
of many of them, and their desires
uttred that way.

<[A6v.]> <{To the Reader.}>

I know not with how little {Knowledge}
and {Grace} of Christ, the Lord may save,
and therefore neither will {despaire}, nor {report}
much.

But since it hath pleased some of my
Worthy {Country-men} to mention (of late
in print) {|VVequash|}, the {Pequt Captaine}, I
shall be bold so farre to second their {Relations},
as to relate mine owne Hopes of
Him (though I dare not be so confident as
others.)

Two dayes before his Death, as I past
up to {|Qunn¡hticut|} River, it peased my
worthy friend Mr. {Fenwick} (whom I visited
at his house in {Say-Brook} Fort at the
mouth of that River) to tell me that my
old friend {|VVequash|} lay very sick: I desired
to see him, and Himselfe was pleased
to be my Guide two miles where {|VVequash|}
lay.

Amongst other discourse conccrning
his {sicknesse} and {Death} (in which hee freely
bequeathed his son to Mr. {Fenwick}) I closed
with him concerning his {Soule}: Hee
told me that some two or three yeare before,

<[A7r.]> <{To the Reader.}>

he had lodged at my House, where I
acquainted him with the {Condition} of {all
mankind}, & his {Own} in particular, how {God}
created {Man} and {Allthings}: how {Man}
fell from {God}, and of his present {Enmity}
against {God}, and the {wrath of God} against
{Him} untill {Repentance}: said he your {words
words were never out of my heart to this present};
and said hee {me much pray to Jesus
Christ}: I told him so did many {English},
{French}, and {Dutch}, who had never turned
to {God}, nor loved Him: He replyed in
broken English: {Me so big naughty Heart,
me heart all one stone}! {Savory expreáions} using
to breath {from compunct and broken Hearts},
and a sence of {inward hardnesse} and {unbrokennesse}.
I had many discourses with him
in his Life, but this was the summe of our
last parting untill our generall meeting:

Now because this is the great Inquiry
of all men what {Indians} have been converted?
what have the {English} done in
those parts? what hopes of the {Indians}
receiving the Knowledge of Christ!

And because to this Question, some put

<[A7v.]> <{To the Reader.}>

an edge from the boast of the Jesuits in
{Canada} and {Maryland}, and especially from
the wonderfull conversions made by the
Spaniards and Portugalls in the {West-lndies},
besides what I have here written, as
also, beside what I have observed in the
Chapter of their Religion! I shall further
present you with a briefe Additionall
discourse concerning this Great
Point, being comfortably perswaded that
that Father of Spirits, who was graciously
pleased to perswade {Japhet} (the Gentiles)
to dwell in the Tents of {Shem} (the Iewes)
will in his holy season ({I} hope approaching)
perswade, these Gentiles of {America}
to partake of the mercies of {Europe}, and
then shall bee fulfilled what is written,
by the Prophet {Malachi}, from the rising
of the Sunne in ({Europe}) to the going down
of the same (in {America}) my Name shall
great among the Gentiles.) So I desire to
hope and pray,

{Your unworthy Country-man}

ROGER WILLIAMS.

<[A8r.]>

          Directions for the use of the
                    LANGUAGE.

1. A Dictionary {or} Grammer {way I had
consideration of, but purposely avoided,
as not so accommodate to the Benefit of all, as I hope
this Forme is.}

2. {A} Dialogue {also I had thoughts of, but avoided
for brevities sake, and yet (with no small paines)
I have so framed every Chapter and the matter of it,
as I may call it an Implicite Dialogue.}

3. {It is framed chiefly after the} |Narrog nset|
{Dialect, because most spoken in the Countrey, and
yet (with attending to the variation of peoples and
Dialects) it will be of great use in all parts of the
Countrey.}

4. {Whatever your occasion bee either of Travell,
Discourse, Trading &c.
turne to the Table which will direct you to the Proper
Chapter.}

5. {Because the Life of all Language is in the Pronuntiation,
I have been at the paines and charges to
Cause the Accents, Tones, or sounds to be affixed,
(which some understand, acoording to the} Greeke
{Language, Acutes, Graves, Circumflexes) for example,}

<[A8v.]> <Directions for the use of the {Language}>

{in the second leafe in the word} |Ew•| `He':
{the sound or Tone must not be put on} |E|, {but} |w•|
{where the grave Accent is}.

{In the same leafe, in the word} |Ascowequ ssin|,
{the sound must not be on any of the Syllables, but on}
|qu ss|, {where the Acute or sharp sound is}.

{In the same leafe, in the word} |Anspaumpma–ntam|,
{the sound must not be on any other syllable but}
|Ma–n|, {where the} Circumflex {or long sounding
Accent is.}

6. {The} English {for every} Indian {word or phrase
stands in a straight line directly against the} Indian:
{yet sometimes there are two words for the same
thing (for their Language is exceeding copious,
and they have five or six words sometimes for one
thing) and then the} English {stands against them
both: for example in the second leafe},

|Cow unckamish| & |Cuckqu‚namish|.	`I pray your Favour.'

<1> <B>

An
Helpe to the native Language
of that part of {America} called
NEW-ENGLAND.

CHAP. I.
Of {Salutation}.

Observation.

THe Natives are of two sorts, (as the
English are.) Some more Rude and
Clownish, who are not so apt to
Salute, but upon {Salutation} resalute
lovingly. Others, and the generall, are {sober}
and {grave}, and yet chearfull in a meane, and as
ready to begin a Salutation as to Resalute,
which yet the English generally begin, out of
desire to Civilize them.

{What}
<2> <Of {Salutation}>

{What cheare} |N‚top|? {is the generall salutation
of all English toward them}. |N‚top| {is `friend'}.

|Netompa–og|	`Friends.'

They are exceedingly delighted with Salutations
in their own Language.

|NeŠn,| |KeŠn,| |Ew•,|	`I,' `you,' `he.'
|Ke‚n ka neen.|	`You and I.'
|Asco wequ ssin|	
|Asco wequassunn£mmis|-	`Good morrow.'
|Askuttaaquomps�n?|	`Hou doe you?'
|Asnpaumpma–ntam|	`I am very well.'
|Taubot paumpma£ntaman|0	`I am glad you are well.'
|Cowa£nckamish|	`My service to you.'

Observation.

This word upon speciall Salutations they
use, and upon some offence conceived by the
{|Sachim|} or Prince against any: I have seen the
party reverently doe obeysance, by stroking
the Prince upon both his sholders, and using
this word,

|Cowa£nckamish & Cuckqu‚namish|0	`I pray your favour.'
|Cowa£nkamuck|	`He salutes you.'
|Aspaumpm untam sachim|0	`How doth the Prince?'

Aspaum-
<3> <B 2> <Of {Salutation}.>

|Aspaumpm untam Comm¡ttamus?|0	`How doth your Wife?'
|Aspaumpma£ntamwock cummuckia–g?|--	`How doth your children?'
|Konkeeteƒug|	`They are well.'
|T ubot ne paumpmaunth‚ttit|0	`I am glad they are well.'
|T£nna Cowƒum|
|Tuck“teshana|	`Whence come you.'
|Y• nowa–m|	`I came that way.'
|N wwatuck n“teshem|-	`I came from farre.'
|Mattaƒsu n¢teshem|	`I came from hard by.'
|Wˆtu|	`An House.'
|Wetu“muck n¢teshem|0	`I came from the house.'
|Acƒwmuck not‚shem|	`I came over the water.'
|Ot…n|	`A Towne.'
|Otƒnick not‚shem|	`I came from the Towne.'

Observation.

In the |Narig nset| Countrey (which is the
chief people in the Land:) a man shall come
to many Townes, some bigger, some lesser, it
may be a dozen in 20. miles Travell.

Obser-
<4> <Of {Salutation}.>

Observation.

|Acawmen¢akit| `{Old England}', which is as
much as from the `{Land on t'other side}': hardly
are they brought to believe that that Water
is three thousand English mile over, or thereabouts.

|Tunnock kutt•me|	`Whither goe you?'
|W‚kick nitt¢me|	`To the house.'
|N‚kick|	`To my house.'
|K‚kick|	`To your house.'
|Tuckowˆkin|	`Where dwell you?'
|TuckuttŒin|	`Where keep you?'
|Matnowetu¢meno|	`I have no house.'

Observation.

As commonly a single person hath no
house, so after the death of a Husband or
Wife, they often break up house, and live
here and there a while with Friends, to allay
their excessive Sorrowes.

|Tou wuttŒin?|	`Where lives he?'
|Awƒnick –chick|	`Who are these?'
|Awa—n ew•?|	`Who is that?'
|T£nna £mwock?|	`Whence come they?'
|Tunna Wutsha–ock?|
|Yo nowˆkin|	`I dwell here.'
|Yo ntŒin|	`I live here.'

EŒu
<5> <B 3> <Of {Salutation}.>

|EŒu| {or} |NnŒu?|	`Is it so?'
|N—x|	`Yea.'
|Mat nippompit mmen|-	`I have heard nothing.'
|W‚suonck|	`A name.'
|Tocketussawˆitch|	`What is your name?'
|Taant£ssawese?|	`Doe you aske my name?'
|Nt£ssawese|	`I am called, &c.'
|Matnowesu¢nckane|	`I have no name.'

Observation.

Obscure and meane persons amongst them
have no Names: {Nullius numeri, &c.} as the
Lord Jesus foretells his followers, that their
Names should be cast out, {Luk. 6.} 22. as
not worthy to be named, {&c.} Againe, because
they abhorre to name the dead (Death being
the King of Terrours to all naturall men:
and though the Natives hold the Soule to
live ever, yet not holding a Resurrection,
they die, and mourn without Hope.) In that
respect I say if any of their {|S chims|} or neighbours
die who were of their names, they lay
down those Names as dead.

|Now nnehick now‚suonck|-	`I have forgot my Name.'

Which is common amongst some of them,
this being one Incivilitie amongst the more

rusticall
<6> <Of {Salutation}.>

rusticall sort, not to call each other by their
Names, but |Keen|, `{You}', |Ew•|, `{He}', {&c}.

|Tah‚na|	`What is his name?'
|Tahossowˆtam|	`What is the name of it?'
|Tah‚ttamen|	`What call you this?'
|Te qua|	`What is this?'
|Y• n‚epoush|	`Stay or stand here.'
|M ttapsh|	`Sit down.'
|No¢nshem|	`I cannot.'
|Nonƒnum|
|Tawhitch kuppeeya£men|0	`What come you for?'
|T‚aqua kunna£ntamen|0	`What doe you fetch?'
|Chenock cuppeeyƒumis?|0	`When came you?'
|Ma�sh-kitummƒyi|	`Iust even now.'
|Kitummƒyi nippe‚am|-	`I came just now.'
|Y• Comm¡ttamus?|	`Is this your Wife?'
|Yo cupp ppoos|	`Is this your Child?'
|Y• cumm£ckquachucks|-	`Is this your Son?'
|Y• cutta–nis|	`Is this your Daughter?'
|Wunnˆtu|	`It is a fine Child.'
|Tawhich neepouwe‚yean|-	`Why stand you?'
|Pucq£atchick?|	`Without dores.'

Taw-
<7> <B 4> <Of {Salutation}.>

|Tawh¡tch mat petite yean?|-	`Why come you not in?'

Observ.

In this respect they are remarkably free
and courteous, to invite all Strangers in; and
if any come to them upon any occasion, they
request them to {come in}, if they come not in
of themselves.

|Aw ssish|	`Warme you.'
|M ttapsh y¢teg|	`Sit by the fire.'
|Tocket£nnawem|	`What say you?'
|Ke‚n n‚top?|	`Is it you friend.'
|Peey…ush n‚top|	`Come hither friend.'
|P‚titees|	`Come in.'
|Kunn£nni|	`Have you seene me?'
|Kunn£nnous|	`I have seen you.'
|Taubot mequaunnamˆan|0	`I thank you for your kind remembrance.' |Ta–botneanaw yean|	`I thank you.'
|Ta–botne aunanamˆan|	`I thank you for your love.'

Observ.

I have acknowledged amongst them an
heart sensible of kindnesses, and have reaped
kindnesse again from many, seaven yeares after,
when I my selfe had forgotten, {&c}. hence

the
<8> <Of {Salutation}.>

the Lord Jesus exhorts his followers to doe
good for evill: for otherwise, sinners will do
good for good, kindnesse for kindnesse, &c.

|Cow…mmaunsh|	`I love you.'
|Cowamma–nuck|	`He loves you.'
|Cow mmaus|	`You are loving.'
|Cowƒutam?|	`Vnderstand you?'
|Nowa–tam|	`I understand.'
|Cowƒwtam tawhitche nippeeya–men?|-	`Doe you know why I come.'
|Cowann ntam|	`Have you forgotten?'
|Awanagus…ntowosh|	`Speake English.'
|Een…ntowash|	`Speake Indian.'
|Cutehanshisha—mo|	`How many were you in Company?'
|K£nnishishem?|	`Are you alone?'
|Nn¡shishem|	`I am alone.'
|Naneeshƒumo|	`There be 2. of us.'
|Nanshwishƒwmen|	`We are 4.'
|Npiuckshƒwmen|	`We are 10.'
|Neesneechecktasha–men|-	`We are 20.' &c.
|Nquitpausuckowashƒwmen|-	`We are an 100.'
|Comishoonh¢mmis|	`Did you come by boate?'
|Kuttiakewusha—mis|	`Came you by land?'
|Mesh nom¡shoonh¢mmin|0	`I came by boat.'

Mesh
<9> < Of {Eating} and {Entertainment.}>

|mesh ntiauk‚ wushem|	`I came by land.'
|Nippenow…ntawem|	`I am of another language'
|Penowantowawhett–ock|-	`They are of a divers language.'
|Mat nowawtauhett‚mina|0	`We understand not each other.'
|Numma£chenŠm?|	`I am sicke.'
|Cumma£chenem?|	`Are you sicke?'
|Tash£ckqunne cummauchena–mis|0	`How long have you been sicke?'
|Nummauchˆmin| {or}
|Ntannet‚immin|	`I will be going.'
|Sa–op Cummauchˆmin|-	`You shall goe to morrow.'
|Ma£chish| {or} |…nakish|	`Be going.'
|Kuttannƒwshesh|	`Depart.'
|Mauch‚i| {or} |anittui|	`He is gone.'
|Kautana–shant|	`He being gone.'
|Mauch‚hettit| {or}
|Kautanawsh…whettit|	`When they are gone.'
|Kukkowˆtous|	`I will lodge with you.'
|Y• C¢wish|	`Do, lodge here.'
|Haw£nshech|	`Farewell.'
|Ch‚nock wonck cuppeeyeƒumen?|0	`When will you be here againe?'
|N‚top tatt…|	`My friend I can not tell.'

From these courteous {Salutations} Observe
in generall: There is a savour of {civility} and

{courtesie}
<10>  < Of {Eating} and {Entertainment.}>

{courtesie} even amongst these wild {Americans},
both amongst {themselves} and towards {strangers}.

More particular:

1. {The Courteous} Pagan {shall condemne}
Uncourteous Englishmen,
{Who live like Foxes, Beares and Wolves,
Or Lyon in his Den.}

2. {Let none sing} blessings {to their soules,
For that they Courteous are:
The wild} Barbarians {with no more
Then Nature, goe so farre:}

3. {If Natures Sons both} wild {and} tame,
{Humane and Courteous be:
How ill becomes it Sonnes of God
To want Humanity?}


CHAP. II.

Of {Eating} and {Entertainment}.

|ASc£metes¡mmis?|	`Have you not yet eaten?'
|Matta niccattupp£mmin|-	`I am not hungry.'
|Nicc…wkatone|	`I am thirstie.'
|Mannippˆno?|	`Have you no water?'
|Nip|, {or} |nip‚wese|	`Give me some water.'
|N…mitch, commetes¡mmin|-	`Stay, you must eat first.'

Teaqua
<11> <Of {Eating} and {Entertainment}.>

|T‚aquacumm‚ich|	`What will you eat?'
|N¢kehick.|	`Parch'd meal' which is
a readie very wholesome food, which they
eate with a little water, hot or cold; I have
travelled with neere 200. of them at once,
neere 100. miles through the woods, every
man carrying a {little Basket} of this at his {back},
and sometimes in a hollow {Leather Girdle} about
his middle, sufficient for a man three or
foure daies:

With this readie provision, and their {Bow}
and {Arrowes}, are they ready for {War}, and {travell}
at an {houres} warning.  With a {spoonfull} of
this {meale} and a {spoonfull} of water from the
{Brooke}, have I made many a good dinner and
supper.

|Aup£mmineanash.|	`The parch'd corne.'
|Aup£minea-nawsa—mp.|-	`The parc'd meale boild with water at their houses, which is the wholesomest diet they have.'
|Ms¡ckquatash.|	`Boild corne whole.'
|Manusqussˆdash.|	`Beanes.'
|Nas…ump.|	`A kind of meale pottage, unpartch'd.'

From this the {English} call their |Samp|, which
is the {Indian} corne, beaten and boild, and eaten
hot or cold with milke or butter, which are

mercies
<12> <Of {Eating} and {Entertainment}.>

mercies beyond the {Natives} plaine water, and
which is a dish exceeding wholesome for the
{English} bodies.

|Puttuckqunn‚ge.|	`A Cake.'
|Puttuckqunnˆgunafh putt£ckqui.|	`Cakes or loves round.'
|Teƒgun kuttiema–nch?|0	`What shall I dresse for you?'
|Ass mme.|	`Give me to eate.'
|Nc…ttup.|	`I am hungrie.'
|W£nna nc ttup.|	`I am very hungry.'
|Nippaskana–n tum.|	`J am almost starved.'
|Pautous notat…m.|	`Give me drinke.'
|S¢kenish.|	`Powre forth.'
|Cosa–me soken£mmis.|0	`You have powred out too much.'
|Wutt…ttash.|	`Drinke.'
|Nquitchet…mmin|	`Let me taste.'
|Qu¡tchetash.|	`Taste.'
|Saunqui nip?|	`Is the wa ter coo'
|Saunkopa–got.|	`Coole water.'
|Chowhˆsu.|	`It is warme.'
|Aquie wutt…ttash.|	`Doe not drinke.'
|Aquie wa£matous.|	`Doe not drinke all.'
|Nec wni mŠich te…qua.|	`First eat something'
|Tawhitch mat mech¢an?|0	`Why eat you not?'

Wussa£me
<13> <Of {Eating} and {Entertainment.}>

|Wussa£me kus¢pita.|	`It is too hot.'
|Teƒguun numm‚itch|	`What shall I eate?'
|Mateag keesit uano?|	`Is there nothing ready boyld?'
|Mateag m‚cho ew•.|	`He eats nothing.'
|Cotchik‚su assamme.|	`Cut me a piece.'
|Cotchek£nnemi weeyo—s.|0	`Cut me some meat.'
|Metes¡ttuck.|	`Let us goe eate.'
|Pauti¡nnea m‚chimucks.|-	`Bring hither some victualls.'
|Numw…utous.|	`Fill the dish.'
|Mihtukm‚chakick.|0	`Tree-eaters.' A people
so called (living between
three and foure hundred miles West into
the land) from their eating only |Miht£chquash|,
that is, Trees: They are {Men-eaters},
they set no corne, but live on the {bark} of {Chesnut}
and {Walnut}, and other fine trees: They dry
and eat this {bark} with the fat of Beasts, and
somtimes of men: This people are the {terrour}
of the neighbour {Natives}; and yet these {Rebells},
the Sonne of God may in time subdue.

|Mauchepwe‚ean.|	`After I have eaten.'
|Ma£chepwucks.|	`After meales.'
|Ma£chepwut.|	`When he hath eaten.'
|Pa£shaqua ma£chepwut.|-	`After dinner.'

W…yyeyant
<14> <Of {Eating} and {Entertainment.}>

|W…yyeyant ma£chepwut.|-	`After supper.'
|Nquittma–ntash.|	`Smell.'
|Weetim¢quat.|	`It smells sweet.'
|Machem¢qut.|	`It stinks.'
|We‚kan.|	`It is sweet.'
|Mach¡ppoquat.|	`It is sowre.'
|A£wusse we‚kan.|	`It is sweeter.'
|Ask—n.|	`It is raw.'
|No¢nat.|	`Not enough.'
|Wus…ume w‚kissu.|	`Too much either boyled or rosted.'
|Wa–met Ta–bi.|	`It is enough.'
|Wuttattumutta.|	`Let us drinke.'
|Neesneechahettit ta£bi.|	`Eenough for twentie men.'
|Mattacuckqu…w.|	`A Cooke.'
|Mattac£cquass.|	`Cooke or dresse.'
|Matcuttassamiin?|	`Will you not give me to eate?'
|Keen m‚itch.|	`pray eate.'

They generally all take {Tobacco}; and it is
commonly the only plant which men labour
in; the women managing all the rest: they
say they take {Tobacco} for two causes; first,
against the rheume, which cavseth the toothake,
which they are impatient of: secondly,
to revive and refresh them, they drinking nothing
but water.

Squttame
<15>  <Of {Eating} and {Entertainment.}>

|Squuttame.|	`Give me your pipe.'
|Petas¡nna|, {or}, |Wutt…mmasin.|-	`Give mee some Tabacco.'
|Ncatta–ntum|, {or},
|Nc…ttiteam.|	`I long for that.'
|M…uchinaash now‚piteass.|-	`My teeth are naught.'
|Nummashackqunea–men.|0	`Wee are in a dearth.'
|Mashackquineƒug.|	`We have no food.'
|A£cuck.|	`A Kettle.'
|M¡shquockuk.|	`A red Copper Kettle.'
|N‚top kutt…ssammish.|	`Friend, I have brought you this.'
|Qu…mphash quamphom¡inea.|-	`Take up for me out of the pot.'
|E¡ppoquat.|	`It is sweet.'
|Te…qua asp£ckquat?|	`What doth it taste of?'
|Now‚tipo.|	`I like this.'
|Wen¢meneash.|	`Grapes or Raysins.'
|Wawe‚cocks.|	`Figs, or some strange sweet meat.'
|Nema£anash.|	`Provision for the way.'
|Nemauan¡nnuit.|	`A snapsacke.'
|Tackh£mmin.|	`To grind corne.'
|Tackhum¡innea.|	`Beat me parch'd meale.'
|Pishqu‚hick.|	`Vnparch'd meale.'
|Numma—chip nup mauchep£mmin.|	`We have eaten all.'

Cow-
<16>  <Of {Eating} and {Entertainment.}>

|Cow…ump?|	`Have you enough?'
|Nowƒump.|	`I have enough.'
|Mohowa£gsuck|, {or}, |Mauqu…uog,|	`The Canibals, or Men-eaters, up into the west, two, three or foure hundred miles from us.'
from |m¢ho|	`to eate.'
|Cumm¢hucquock.|	`They will eate you.'

Whomsoever commeth in when they are
eating, they offer them to eat of that which
they have though but little enough prepar'd
for themselves. If any provision of {fish} or
{flesh} come in, they make their neighbours
partakers with them.

If any stranger come in, they presently 
give him to eate of what they have; many a 
time, and at all times of the night (as I have
fallen in travell upon their houses) when nothing
hath been ready, have themselves and
their wives, risen to prepare me some refreshing.

{The observation generall from their
eating, &c.}

It is a strange {truth}, that a man shall generally
finde more free entertainment and refreshing
amongst these {Barbarians}, then amongst
thousands that call themselves {Christians.}

more
<17> <C> < Of {Sleepe} and {Lodging}.>

More particular:

1 {Course} bread {and} water's {most their fare,}
{O} Englands {diet fine};
{Thy} cup {runs ore with plenteous store}
{Of wholesome} beare {and} wine.

{Sometimes} God {gives them} Fish {or} Flesh,
{Yet they're} content {without};
{And what comes in, they} part {to} friends
{and} strangers {round about.}

3 {Gods} providence {is rich to his,}
{Let none} distrustfull {be};
{In} wildernesse, {in great} distresse,
{These} Ravens {have fed me.}


               CHAP. III.
    {Concerning} Sleepe {and} Lodging.

|NSowwushkƒwmen.|	`I am weary.'
|Nk…taquaum.|	`I am sleepie.'
|Kukkovetous?|	`Shall I lodge here?'
|Yo nickow‚men?|	`Shall I sleepe here?'
|Kukkow‚ti?|	`Will you sleepe here?'
|Wunn‚g[i]n, c¢wish.|	`Welcom sleepe here.'
|Nummouaqu“men.|	`I will lodge abroad.'

Puck-
<18>  < Of {Sleepe} and {Lodging}.>

|Puckqu tchick nickouˆmen.|-	`I will sleepe without the doores', Which I have knowne them contentedly doe, by a fire
under a tree, when sometimes some {English} 
have (for want of familiaritie and language 
with them) been fearefull to entertaine them.

In Summer-time I have knowne them lye
abroad often themselves, to make roome for
strangers, {English}, or others.

|Mouaqu¢mitea.|	`Let us lye abroad.'
|Cowwˆtuck.|	`Let us sleepe.'
|Kukk¢uene?|	`Sleepe you?'
|Cowwˆke.|	`Sleepe, sleepe.'
|Cowwˆwi.|	`He is asleepe.'
|Cowwˆwock.|	`They sleepe.'
|Askukk¢wene?|	`Sleepe you yet?'
|Takit¡ppocat.|	`It is a cold night.'
|Wekit ppocat.|	`It is a warme night.'
|Wauwh utowaw  nawat|,- {&} |Wawhautowƒvog.|-	`Ther is an alarme,' or, `there is a great shouting': Howling and
shouting is their Alarme; they having no 
Drums nor Trumpets: but whether an enemie 
approach, or fire breake out, this Alarme 
passeth from house to house; yea, commonly,
if any {English} or {Dutch} come amongst them, 
they give notice of strangers by this signe; yet 
I have knowne them buy and use a {Dutch}

Trumpet
<19> <C 2> < Of {Sleepe} and {Lodging}.>

Trumpet, and knowne a {Native} make a good 
Drum in imitation of the {English}.

|Mat…nnauke|, {or} |Mattann…ukanash|-	`A finer sort of mats to sleep on.'
|Mask[i]tuash|	`Straw to ly on.'
|Wuddt£ckqunash ponamƒuta|	`Let us lay on wood.

This they doe plentifully when they lie 
down to sleep winter and summer, abundance 
they have and abundance they lay on: their 
Fire is instead of our bedcloaths. And so,
themselves and any that have occasion to 
lodge with them, must be content to turne 
often to the Fire, if the night be cold, and they 
who first wake must repaire the Fire.

|Mauata£namoke|	`Mend the fire.'
|Mauataunam£tta|	`Let us mend the fire.'
|Tokˆtuck|	`Let us wake.'
|As kuttok‚mis|	`Are you not awake yet'
|T¢kish, T¢keke|.	`Wake wake'
|T¢kinish|	`Wake him.'
|Kitumy i tok‚an|	`As soone as I wake.'
|Ntunnaqu“men|	`I have had a good dream'
|Nummattaqu“men|	`I have had a bad dream.'

When they have a bad Dreame which they 
conceive to be a threatning from God, they 
fall to prayer at all times of the night, especially
early before day: So {Davids} z alous heart

to
<20>  < Of {Sleepe} and {Lodging}.>

to the true and living God: {At midnight will
I rise} &c. {I prevented the dawning of the day,} &c.
Psal.119. &c.

|Wunnakukkussaqua—m|0	`You sleep much.'
|Peeya–ntam|	`He prayes.'
|Peeyƒuntamwock|	`They pray.'
|Tunna kukkow‚mis|	`Where slept you?'
|Awaun w‚ick kukkou‚mis|-	`At whose house did you sleep?'

I once travailed to an Iland of the wildest in
our parts, where in the night an Indian (as he
said) had a vision or dream of the Sun (whom
they worship for a God) darting a Beame
into his Breast which he conceived to be the
Messenger of his Death: this poore Native
call'd his Friends and neighbours, and prepared
some little refreshing for them, but himselfe
was kept waking and Fasting in great
Humiliations and Invocations for 10. dayes
and nights: I was alone (having travailed from
my Barke, the wind being contrary) and little
could I speake to them to their understandings
especially because of the change of their
Dialect, or manner of Speech from our neighbours:
yet so much (through the help of God)
I did speake, of the {True} and {living only Wise
God}, of the Creation: of Man, and his {fall}

from
<21> <C 3> < Of {their sleepe} and {lodging}.>

from God, &c. that at parting many burst
forth, {Oh when will you come againe, to bring us
some more newes of this God?}

From their Sleeping: The Observation
generall.

Sweet rest is not confind to soft Beds, for,
not only God gives his beloved sleep on hard
lodgings: but also Nature and Custome gives
sound sleep to these Americans on the Earth,
on a Boord or Mat. Yet how is {Europe} bound
to God for better lodging, {&c}.

More particular.

1. {God gives them sleep on Ground, on Straw,
on Sedgie Mats or Boord:
When English softest Beds of Downe,
sometimes no sleep affoord.}

2. {J have knowne them leave their House and Mat
to lodge a Friend or stranger,
When Jewes and Chr stians oft have sent}
Christ Jesus {to the Manger}.

3. {'Fore day they invocate their Gods,
though Many, Fal e and New:
O how should that God worshipt be,
who is but One and True}

Chap.
<22> < Of {their Numbers.} >

CHAP. IIII.

{Of their Names.}

|NQu¡t|	`One.'
|NeŠsse|	`2.'
|N�sh|	`3.'
|Y•h|	`4.'
|Nap…nna|	`5.'
|Qutta|	`6.'
|‚nada|	`7.'
|Shw¢suck|	`8.
|Pask£git|	`9.'
|Pi—ck|	`10.'
|Piuck nabna qu�t|	`11.'
|Piucknab nŠese|	`12,'
|Piucknab n�sh|	`13,'
|Piucknab y•h|	`14,'
|Piucknab nap…nna|	`15'
|Piucknab naq£tta|	`16,'
|Piucknab ‚nada|	`17,'
|Piuck nabna shw¢suck|-	`18,'
|Piucknab napask£git|-	`19,'
|Neesne‚chick|	`20'

Nees-
<23> <B 4> < Of {their Numbers.} >

|Neesne‚chick nab naqu�t,|- &c.	`21,'
|Shw¡nckeck|	`30,' &c.
|Sw¡ncheck nab naqu�t|-, &c.	`31,' &c.
|Yow¡nicheck|	`40.'
|Y¢winicheck nabna q�t|, &c.	`41,' &c.
|Napannetashincheck|	`50,'
|Napannetashinchek nabna quit|	`51,' &c.
|Quttatash�ncheck|	`60,'
|Quttatashincheck nabna qu�t|0	`61,' &c.
|Enadatash�ncheck|	`70,'
|Enadatashincheck nabna qu�t|	`71,' &c.
|Swoasuck ta shincheck|0	`80,'
|Shwoasuck ta shincheck nebna quit|-	`81,' &c.
|Paskugit tash�ncheck,|- &c.	`90,'
|Paskugit tashin check nabna qu�t,| &c.	`91,' &c.
|Nquit pƒwsuck|	`100.'
|Nees pƒwsuck|	`200.'
|Shweepƒwsuck|	`300.'

Y¢we
<24> < Of {their Numbers.} >

|Y¢we pƒwsuck|	`400,'
|Napannetashe pƒwsuck|-	`500,'
|Q£ttatashe pƒwsuck|	`600,'
|Enadatashepƒwsuck|	`700,'
|Shoasucktashe pƒwsuck|-	`800,'
|Paskugit tashepƒwsuck|-	`900,'
|Nquittemitt…nnug|	`1000,'
|Neese mitt…nnug|	`2000,'
|Nishwe mitt…nnug|	`3000,'
|Yowe mitt…nnug|	`4000,'
|Napannetashemit tannug|	`5000,'
|Qutt…tashe mit t…nnug|-	`6000'
|Enadatashemit t…nnug|-	`7000,'
|Shoasuck ta she mitt nnug|-	`8000,'
|Paskugittashemit t nnug|	`9000,'
|Piuckque mitt nnug|	`10000,'
|Neesneecheck tashe mittƒnnug|	`20000,'
|Shwinchecktashe mitt nnug|	`30000,'

Yow-
<25> < Of {their Numbers.} >

|Yowincheck tashemitt nnug|-	`40000,'
|Napannetashincheck tashemitt nnug|	`50000.'
|Quttatashincheck tashemitt…nnug|-	`60000.'
|Enadatashincheck tashe mitt nnuck|	`70000.'
|Shoasuck tashincheck tashe mittannug|	`80000.'
|Paskugit tashincheck tashe mittannug|	`90000.'
|Nquit pausuck¢emit t…nnug,| &c.	`100000.'

Having no Letters nor Arts, 'tis admirable
how quick they are in casting up great numbers,
with the helpe of graines of Corne, instead
of {Europes} pens or counters.

Numbers of the masculine gender.

|Pƒwsuck|	`1.'
|Ne‚swock|	`2.'      |Skeetomp|	`a Man.'
|Shuog|	`3.'
|Y¢wock|	`4.'       {|Skeetom|
|Napannetas£og|	`5.' {as}, {|Pa£og|,|
|Quttas£og|	`6.'  	    {`Men'.
|Enada tasuog|	`7'
|Shoasuck tas£og|	`8.'

Pas-
<26> < Of {their Numbers.} >

|Paskugit tas£og|	`9.'
|Piucks£og|	`10.'
|Piucksuog nabnaquit|-	`11.'

Of the {Feminine} Gender.

|Pƒwsuck|	`1'
|Ne‚nash|	`2'
|Sw¡nash|	`3'
|Yow£nnash|	`4'	        {	|Waucho|
|Napannetash¡nash|	`5'	        {`Hill.'
|Quttatash¡nash|	`6' {as},   {Wauch¢ash
|Enadtash¡nash|	`7'	        {	`Hills.'
|Shoasucktash¡nash|	`8'
|Paskugittash¡nash|	`9'
|Pi£ckquatash|	`10'
|Pi£ckquatash nabnaqu�t.|-	`11'

{From their} Numbers, {Observation} Generall.

Let it be considered, whether {Tradition} of
ancient {Forefathers}, or {Nature} hath taught
them {Europes Arithmaticke.}

Mor particular:

1 {Their} Braines {are quick, their} hands, 
{Their} feet, {their} tongues, {their} eyes: 

{God}
<27> < Of {their} relations {of} consanguinity. >

{God may fit} objects {in his time}, 
{To those quicke} faculties.

2 Objects {of higher nature make them tell}, 
{The holy} number {of his Sons} Gospel: 
{Make them and us to} tell {what} told {may be};
{But stand} amazed {at} Eternitie.


CHAP. V.

{Of their} relations {of} consanguinitie {and}
affinitie, {or}, Blood {and} Marriage.

|Nn�n-nn¡nnuog,	`Man_men'
{&}  |ke‚tomp-a–og|
|Squ…ws-suck.|	`Woman-women.'
|Kichize,| {&}	`An old man,'
|KichŒzuck|	`Old men.'
|H“mes,| {&}	`An old man,'
|H“mesuck|	`Old men.'
|Kutch¡nnu|	`A middle-aged-man.'
|Kutch¡nnuwock.|	`Middle-aged-men.'
|WuskeŠne|	`A youth,'
|Wuskeene‚suck.|	`Youths.'
|W‚nise| {&}	`An old woman,'
|WenŒsuck|	`Old women.'
|Matta–ntum|	`Very old and decrepit.'

W sick
<28> < Of {their} relations {of} consanguinity. >

|Wƒsick|	`An Husband.'
|We‚wo,| {&}	`A Wife.'
|Mitt£mmus,| {&}
|Wull¢gana|
|Now‚e o,|	`My Wife.'
|Nummittamus,| {&c.}
|Osh.|	`A Father.'
|Nosh|	`My father.'
|C•sh|	`Your father.'
|Cutt•so?|	`Have you a fathee?'
|Ok su,| {&}	`A mother.'
|W¡tchwhaw|
|N¢kace|, |n¡tchwhaw|	`My mother.'
|W£ssese|	`An Vnckle.'
|NissesŠ|	`My Vnckle.'
|Papo•s,|	`A childe.'
|Nipp poos,| {&}	`My childe.'
|Numm£ckiese|
|Numm£ckqu chucks|	`My sonne.'
|Nitta–nis|	`My daughter.'
|Nonƒnese|	`A sucking child.'
|Muckquachuckquˆmese|-	`A little boy.'
|Squ sese|	`A little girle.'
|We‚mat.|	`A brother.'

They hold the band of brother-hood so 
deare, that when one had commited a murther 
nd fled, they executed his brother; and

`tis
<29> <Of {their} relations.>

`tis common for a brother to pay the debt of 
a brother deceased.

|Ne‚mat|	`My brother.'
|W‚ticks,| {&}	`A sister.'
|We‚summis|
|Wemat¡ttuock|	`They are brothers.'
|Cutchashemat¡tin?|	`How many brothers have you?'
|Nat•ncks|	`My cousin.'
|Katt•ncks|	`Your cousin.'
|Wat•ncks|	`A cousin.'
|Null¢quaso|	`My ward or pupill.'
|Wattonks¡ttuock|	`They are cousins.'
|K¡htuckquaw|	`A virgin marriageable.'

Their Virgins are distinguished by a bashfull 
falling downe of their haire over their 
eyes.

|Towi£wock|	`Fatherlesse children.'

There are no beggars amongst them, nor fatherlesse 
children unprovided for.

|Tackq¡uwock|	`Twins.'

Their {affections}, especially to their children,
are very strong; so that I have knowne a {Father}
take so grievously the losse of his {childe},
that hee ha h cut and stobd himselfe with 
{griefe} and {rage}.

This extreme {affection}, together with want 
of {learning}, makes ther children sawcie, bold,
and undutifull.

I
<30> <{Of the Family businesses.}>

I once came into a {house}, and requested some 
{water} to drinke; the {father} bid his sonne (of 
some 8.yeeres of age) to fetch some {water}: the 
{boy} refused, and would not stir; I told the {father},
that I would correct my {child}, if he should 
so disobey me, &c. Upon this the {father} took 
up a sticke, the {boy} another, and flew at his {father};
upon my per wasion, the poor {father} 
made him smart a little, threw down his stick, 
and run for {water}, and the {father} confessed the 
benefit of {correction}, and the evill of their too 
indulgent {affections}.

{From their} }
              } {Observation generall.}
Relations     }

In the {u nes} of depraved {mankinde}, are yet to 
be founde {Natures distinctions}, and {Natures affections}.

More particular:

{The} Pagans {wild co fesse the} bonds
{Of} married chastitie:
{How vild are} Nicolƒitans {that hold
Of} Wives {communitie?
How kindly flames of} na ure {burne
In wild} humanitie?
{Naturall} affections {who wants, is sure
Far from} Christianity.

Best
<31> <Of {the Family businesses}.>

{Best nature's vaine, he's blest that's made
A new and rich partaker
Of divine Nature of his God,
And blest eternall} Maker.


CHAP. VI.

{Of the Family and businesse of the 
House.}

|VVEtu|	`An House.'
|Wetu“muck|	`At home.'
|N‚ ick|	`My house.'
|K‚kick|	`Your house.'
|Wk ick|	`At his house.'
|Nickqu‚num.|	`I am going home:'

Which is a solemne word amongst them; 
and no man wil offer any hinderance to him,
who after some absence is going to visit his 
Family, and useth this word |Nicqu‚num| (confessing
the sweetnesse even of these short temporall
homes.)

|Puttuckak…un|	`A round house.'
|Puttcukakƒunese|	`A little round house.'
|Wetuom‚mese|	`A little house'; which
their women and maids live apart in, four,

five
<32> <{Of the Family businesses}.>

five, or six dayes, in the time of their monethly 
sicknesse, which custome in all parts of the 
Countrey they strictly observe, and no {Male} 
may come into that house.

|Ne‚s quttow|	`A longer house with two fires.'
|Shw¡shcuttow|	`With three fires.'
|Abockqu¢sinash|	`The mats of the house.'
|Wuttapu¡ssuck|	`The long poles', which
commonly men get and fix, and then the women 
cover the house with mats, and line 
them with embroydered mats which the women 
make, and call them |Mannota£bana|, or 
{Hangings}, which amongst them make as faire 
a show as Hangings with us.

|N•te|, {or} |Yote|
|Ch¡ckot| {&} 	`Fire.'
|Sq£tta|
|Not wese| {&} |chickaut wese|-	`A little fire.'
|P£ck|	`Smoke.'
|Puck¡ssu|	`Smokie'
|Nipp£ckis|	`Smoke troubleth me.'
|Wuchickapˆuck|	`Burching barke', and
{Chesnut barke} which they dresse finely, and
make a Summer-covering for their houses.

|Cuppoqui¡ttemin.|	`I will divide house with you', or `dwell with you.'

Two
<33> <D> <Of {the Family businesses}.>

Two Families will live comfortably and
lovingly in a little round house of some fourteen 
or sixteen foot over, and so more and 
more families in proportion.

|N£ckqusquatch|	`I am cold.'
|Nuckqusquatch¡min|
|Potouw ssiteuck|	`Let us make a fire.'
|Wudtuckqun|	`A piece of wood.'
|Wudt£ckquanash|	`Lay on wood.'
|Ponamƒuta|
|Pawac¢mwushesh|	`Cut some wood.'
|Maumashinnaunama–ta|0	`Let us make a good fire.'
|Npaac¢mwushem|	`I will cut wood.'
|As‚neshesh|	`Fetch some small sticks.'
|W•nck,| {&}	`More.'
|W¢nkatack|
|Wonckataganash n…us|	`Fetch some more'
|Netash�n & newuch shinea,|-	`There is no more.'
|Wequan ntash|	`A light fire.'
|Wequanantig|	`A Candle', or `Light.'
|Wequanantiganash|	`Candles.'
|W‚kinan|	`A light fire.'
|Awƒuo?|	`Who is at home?'
|Mat Awawan£nno|	`There is no body.'
|Unhappo K•sh|	`Is your father at home?'

T£ckiu
<34> <Of the Family businesses.>

|T£ckiu S chim|	`Where is the Sachim?'
|Mat-ape—|	`He is not at home'
|Pey u|	`He is come.'
|W‚che-pey…u ke‚mat|0	`Your brother is come with him.'
|P¢tawash|	`Make a fire.'
|Potƒuntash|	`Blowe the fire.'
|Peeyƒuog|	`They are come'
|Wƒme|, |pa£she|	`All-some.'
|Tawh�tch mat pey yean|-	`Why came, or, c[o]me you not.'
|Mesh no¢nshem peeya—n?|-	`I could not come.'
|Mocenanippe‚am|	`I will come by and by.'
|Aspey…u, asqu m|	`He is not come yet.'
|Y• a£tant mŠsh nippe‚am|-	`I was here the Sunne so high.' And then they
point with the hand to the Sunne by whose 
highth they keepe account of the day, and by 
the Moone and Stars by night, as wee doe by 
clocks and dialls, &c.

|Wuskont peyƒuog|	`They will come.'
|Te qua na£ntick ew•|	`What comes hee for?'
|Yo  ppitch ew•|	`Let him sit there.'
|Unhapp• k•sh|	`Is your father at home?'
|Unn…ugh|	`He is there.'
|Np‚peyup n wwot|	`I have long been here.'

Taw�tch
<35> <D 2> <Of the Family businesses.>

|Tawh�tch pey uyean|	`Why doe you come?'
|T‚aguun kunna£ntamun?|-	`What come you for?'
|Aw…un ew•?|	`Who is that?'
|Now‚chiume|	`He is my servant.'
|W‚cum, naus|	`Call fetch.'
|Petitea–ta|	`Let us goe in.'
|Noonap£mmin autash‚hettit|-	`There is not roome for so many.'
|Taubap¡mmin|	`Roome enough.'
|No¢nat|	`Not enough.'
|Asquam|	`Not yet.'
|N im, n mitch|	`By and by.'
|M•ce, unuckquaquˆse|	`Instantly.'
|M ish, kitummƒy|	`Iust, even now.'
|T£ckiu. t¡yu|	`Where.'
|Kukkekuttokƒwmen|	`Would you speake with him?'
|N—x|	`Yea.'
|Wuttammƒun tam|	`He is busie.'
|N‚top notammƒuntam|0	`Friend, I am busie.'
|Cotammƒuntam|	`Are you busie?'
|Cot mmish|	`I hinder you.'
|Cotamm£mme|}	`You trouble me.'
|Cotamme|   }

{Obs.} They
<36> <Of {the Family businesses}.>

{Obs.} They are as full of businesse, and as
impatient of hinderance (in their kind) as any
Merchant in {Europe}.

|Nquss–tam|	`I am removing.'
|Not mmehick ew•|	`He hinders me.'
|Maumach¡uash|	`Goods.'
|A£quiegs|	`Housholdstuffe.'
|Tuck¡ uash|	`Where be they?'
|Wenawwˆtu|	`Rich.'
|Machˆtu|	`Poore.'
|Wenawetu¢nckon|	`Wealth.'
|K£phash|	`Shut the doore.'
|Kuphommin|	`To shut the doore.'
|Yea—sh|	`Shut doore after you.'

{Obs.} Commonly they never shut their
doores, day nor night; and 'tis rare that any
hurt is done.

|Wunˆgin|	`Well, or good.'
|Machit|	`Naught, or evill.'
|Cowa–tam?|	`Do you understand?'
|Mach ug|	`No, or not.'
|Wunnƒug|	`A Tray,'
|Wunnauganash|	`Trayes.'
|Kun…m|	`A Spoone.'
|Kunnamƒuog|	`Spoones.'

{Obs.} In steed of shelves, they have severall
baske[]s, wherein they put all their houshold-

stuffe
<37> <D 3> <Of {the Family businesses}.>

stuffe: they have some great bags or sacks 
made of {Hempe}, which will hold five or sixe 
bushells.

|T ckunck|, {or},}	`Their pounding Morter.'
|W‚skhunck|.     }

{Obs.} Their women constantly beat all their 
corne with hand: they plant it, dresse it, gather 
it, barne it, beat it, and take as much 
paines as any people in the world, which labour 
is questionlesse one cause of their extraordinary 
ease of childbirth.

|Wunnaugan‚mese|	`A little Tray.'
|T‚aqua cunn tinne|	`What doe you looke for?'
|Nat¡nnehas|	`Search.'
|Kek¡neas|	`See here.'
|Mach…ge cunna mite“uwin?|-	`Doe you find nothing.'
|W¢nckatack|	`Another.'
|Tunnat�|	Where.
|Ntauhaunanatinneh¢mmin|-	`I cannot looke or search.'
|Ntauhaunanamiteo–win|-	`I cannot find.'
|W¡aseck|     }
|Eiassunck|   }
|Moc“tick|    }	`A Knife.'
|Punnˆtunck|  }
|Cha£qock.|   }

Obs. Whence
<38> <Of {the Family businesses}.>

{Obs.} Whence they call {English-men} |Ch uquaquock|,
that is, {Knive-men}, stone formerly 
being to them in stead of {Knives}, {Awle-blades},
{Hatchets} and {Howes}.

|Namac¢whe|	`Lend me your Knife.'
|C¢w¡aseck|
|Wonck Commˆsim?|	`Wil you give it me again?'
|M tta now uwone|	`I knew nothing.'
|M tta now hea|
|Mat meshnow hea|	`I was innocent.'
|Pa£tous, Pautƒuog|	`Bring hither.'
|Ma£chatous|	`Carry this.'
|Niƒutash|, {&}
|W‚awhush.|	`Take it on your backe.'

{Obs.} It is almost incredible what burthens
the poore women carry of {Corne}, of {Fish}, of
{Beanes}, of {Mats}, and a childe besides

|Awƒ—n|	`There is some body.'
|Kek¡neas|	`Goe and see.'
|Squauntƒumuck|	`At the doore.'
|Aw…un keŠn?|	`Who are you?'
|KeŠn n‚top|	`Is it you.'
|Pauquanam¡innea|	`Open me the doore.'

{Obs.} Most commonly their houses are open, 
their doore is a hanging {Mat}, which being 
lift up, falls downe of it selfe; yet many of 
them get {English} boards and nailes, and make 
artificiall doores and bolts themselves, and

others
<39> <D 4> <Of {the Family businesses}.>

others make slighter doores of {Burch} or {Chesnut}
barke, which they make fast with a cord in 
the night time, or when they go out of town, 
and then the last (that makes fast) goes out at 
the Chimney, which is a large opening in the 
m�ddle of their house, called:

|Wunnauchic¢mock,|	`A Chimney.'
|An£nema|	`Helpe me.'
|Neenkutt nnu~mous.|	`I will helpe you.'
|Kutt nnummi?|	`Will you helpe me?'
|Shookekineas|	`Behold here.'
|Nummouek‚kineam|	`I come to see.'
|Tou autŠg|	`Know you where it lies?'
|Tou n£ckquaque|	`How much?'
|Yo naumwƒuteg|	`Thus full.'
|Aqu¡e|	`Leave off, or doe not.'
|Wask‚che|	`On the top.'
|N umatuck|	`In the bottome.'
|A–qunnish|	`Let goe.'
|Aukeease¡u|	`Downewards.'
|Keesuckq¡u|	`Vpwards.'
|Aum…unsh|    }
|Aus…uonsh|   }	`Take away.'
|Aum unam•ke.|}
|Nan¢uwetea|	`A Nurse, or Keeper.'
|Naun¢uwheant|
|Nanoww£nemum|	`I looke to, or keepe.'

{Obs.} They
<40> <Of {the Family businesses}.>

{Obs.} They nurse all their childrem them
selves; yet, if she be an high or rich woman, 
she maintaines a Nurse to tend the childe.

|Wauch unama|	`Keep this for me.'
|Cuttatashi¡nnas|	`Lay these up for me.'

{Obs.} Many of them begin to be furnished 
with {English} Chests; others when they goe 
forth of towne, bring their goods (if they live 
neere) to the {English} to keepe for them, and 
their money they hang it about their necks, 
or lay it under their head when they sleepe.

|Peewƒuqun|	`Have a care.'
|N nowauchƒunum|	`I will have a care.'
|KuttaskwhŠ|	`Stay for me.'
|K£tta ha|, {&}	`Have you this or that?'
|Cowauchƒunum?|
|P¢kesha| {&}	`It is broke.'
|Pokesh wwa.|
|Mat Coanich‚gane|	`Have you no hands?'
|Tawhitch?|	`Why aske you?'
|N¢onshem Pawtuckqu mmin.|-	`I cannot reach.'
|Aquie Pokesh ttous.|	`Doe not breake.'
|Pokesh ttouwin.|	`To breake.'
|Ass¢tu|, {&}	`A foole.'
|Ass¢ko.|

{Obs.} They have also amongst them naturall 
fooles, either so borne, or accidentally deprived
of reason.

Aquie
<41> <Of {the Family businesses}.>

|Aquie ass¢kish|	`Be not foolish.'
|Aw nick|	`Some come.'
|Ni utamwock|	`They are loden.'
|Pauchewannƒuog|
|M ttapeu| {&}	`A woman keeping alone in her monethly sicknesse.'
|Qushenawsui|
|Moce nt£nnan|	`I will tell him by and by.'
|Cowequet£mmous|	`I pray or intreat you.'
|Wunnite¢uin|	`To mend any thing.'
|W£nniteous|, {or},	`Mend this,'
|W£ssiteous.|	`Mend this.'
|W£skont nochemuckqun.|-	`I shall be chidden.'
|Nick£mmat|	`Easie.'
|Si£ckat|	`Hard.'
|Cummequƒwname?|	`Do you remember me?'
|Mequaunam¡innea|	`Remember me.'
|Puckq£atchick|	`Without doores.'
|Nissawh¢cunck ew•|	`He puts me out of doores.'
|Kussawh¢ki?|	`Doe you put mee out of doores?'
|Kussawhocow¢og.|	`Put them forth.'
|Tawh¡tch kuss…whokiˆan?-|	`Why doe you put mee ont?'
|S wwhush|,	`Goe forth.'
|SawhŠke|
|Wussauhem£tta|	`Let us goe forth.'

Matta
<42> <Of {the Family businesses}.>

|Matta nickqu‚hick|	`I want it not.'
|MachagŠ nickquehick“mina.|-	`I want nothing.'

{Ob.} Many of them naturally Princes, or else 
industrious persons, are rich; and the poore
amongst them will say, they want nothing.

|P wsawash.|	`Drie or ayre this.'
|Pawsunn£mmin.|	`To drie this or that.'
|Cuppausumm£nnash|	`Drie these things.'
|Ap¡ssumma.|	`Warme this for me.'
|Pauc¢tche|	`Already.'
|Cutsshitteo—s|	`Wash this.'
|Tat gganish|	`Shake this.'
|Naponsh|	`Lay downe.'
|WuchŠ macha—g|	`About nothing.'
|Puppucksh ckhege|	`A Box.'
|Paupaq£onteg|	`A Key.'
|Mow shuck|	`Iron.'
|Wƒuki.|	`Crooked.'
|Sa–mpi|	`Strait.'
|Aumpani¡mmin|	`To undoe a knot.'
|A£mpanish|	`Vntie this.'
|Paushin£mmin|	`To divide into two.'
|Pepˆnash|	`Take your choyce.'
|Nawwutt—nsh|	`Throw hither.'
|Pawt wtees|
|Neg utowash|	`Send for him.'
|Negauchh£wash|	`Send this to him.'

Nneg u
<43> <Of {the Family businesses}.>

|Nnegƒuchemish|	`Hee sends to mee.'
|Nowwˆta|	`No matter.'
|Mƒuo.|	`To cry and bewaile;'

Which bewailing is very solemne amongst 
them morning and evening and sometimes 
in the night they bewaile their lost husbands, 
wives, childreu, brethren or sisters &c. Sometimes 
a quarter, halfe, yea. a whole yeere, and 
longer, if it be for a great Prince.

In this time (unlesse a dispensation be given)
they count it a prophane thing either to play 
(as they much use to doe) or to paint themselves, 
for beauty, but for mourning; or to be 
angry, and fall out with any, &c.

|Machem¢qut|	`It stincks.'
|Machem¢qussu|	`A vile or stinking person.'
|W£nn¡ckshaas|	`Mingled.'
|W£nnickshan|	`To mingle.'
|N‚sick|, {&} |nash¢qua.|	`A Combe.'
|Tet£psha|	`To fall downe.'
|Ntetupshem|	`I fall downe.'
|Tou an£ckquaque?|	`How big?'
|Wunn shpishan|	`To snatch away.'
|Tawh�tch wunnashpish yean-|	`Why snach you?'
|Wutt—sh|	`Hitherward, & give me.'
|EnŠick|, {or}, | wwusse|	`Further.'
|Nneickom su|, {&} |awwass‚se.|-	`A little further.'

Wut-
<44> <Of {the Family businesses}.>

|Wuttushenaqu ish|	`Looke hither.'
|Yo anaqu yean|	`Looke about.'
|M uks m ugoke|	`Give this.'
|Yo comm‚ish|	`I will give you this.'
|Quss£cqun-n ukon|	`Heavie, light.'
|Kuckq£ssaqun|	`You are heavie.'
|Kunnauki|	`You are light.'
|Nick ttash|, {singular.}`Leave, or depart.'
|Nick ttammoke|, {plur.}
|Nickattam£tta.|	`Let us depart.'
|Y¢wa.|	`Thus.'
|Ntowwaukƒumen.|	`I use is.'
|Aw wk wn�.|	`It is used.'
|Yo aw utees.|	`Vse this.'
|Yo w‚que.|	`Thus farre.'
|Yo meshnow‚keshem|	`I went thus farre.'
|Ay tche| {&}	   {
|C¢nkitchea.|	as {`Often'.
|Ayatche nipp‚eam.|	`I am often here.'
|Pakˆtash.|	`Fling it away.'
|Npaketam£nnash.|	`I will cast him away.'
|Wutt mmasim.|	`Give me Tobaco.'
|Mat nowewutt mmo|	`I take none.'

{Obs.} Which some doe not, but they are rare 
Birds; for generally all the men throughout 
the Countrey have a {Tobacco-bag}, with a {pipe}
in it hanging at their back: sometimes they 
make such great {pipes}, both of {wood} and {stone},

that
<45> <Of {the Family businesses}.>

that they are two foot long, with men or 
beasts carved so big or massie, that a man 
may be hurt mortally by one of them; but 
these com~only come from the {Mauqu uwogs}, 
or the {Men eaters}, three or foure hundred 
miles from us: They have an excellent Art 
to cast our {Pewter} and {Brasse} into very neate 
and artificiall {Pipes}: They take their {Wuttammƒuog}
(tkat is, a weake {Tobacco}) which the men 
plant themselves, very frequently; yet I never 
see any take so excessively, as I have seene 
men in {Europe}; and yet excesse were more 
tolerable in them, because they want the refreshing 
of {Beare} and {Wine}, which God hath 
vouchsafed {Europe}.

|Wutt mmagon.|	`A Pipe.'
|Hopu•nck.|	`A Pipe.'
|Chicks.|	`A Cocke', or `Hen': A
name taken from the {English} Chicke, because
they have no Hens before the {English} came.

|Ch¡cks  nawat.|	`The Cocke crowes.'
|Neesqutt¢nckqussu.|	`A babler, or prater.'
|Cunneesquttonckquss¡mmin.|-	`You prate.'

{Obs.} Which they figuratively transferre
from the frequent troublesome clamour of
a Cocke.

Nan¢ta-
<46> <{Of the Family businesses}.>

|Nan¢tateem.|	`I keepe house alone.'
|Aqu�e kutt£nnan.|	`Doe not tell.'
|Aqu�e mooshkish ttous.|-	`Doe not disclose.'
|Te…g yo augwh ttick?|	`What hangs there?'
|Yo augwh ttous.|	`Hang it there.'
|Pemisquƒi|	`Crooked, or winding.'
|Penƒyi.|	`Crooked.'
|Nquss£tam.|	`I remove house': Which
they doe upon these occasions: From thick 
warme vallies, where they winter, they remove 
a little neerer to their Summer fields; 
when 'tis warme Spring, then they remove to 
their fields where they plant Corne.

In middle of Summer, because of the abundance 
of Fleas, which the dust of the house 
breeds, they will flie and remove on a sudden 
from one part of their field to a fresh place:
And sometimes having fields a mile or two, 
or many miles asunder, when the worke of 
one field is over, they remove house to the 
other: If death fall in amongst them, they 
presently remove to a fresh place: If an enemie 
approach, they remove into a Thicket, or 
Swampe, unlesse they have some Fort to remove 
unto.

Sometimes they remove to a hunting house 
in the end of the yeere, and forsake it not un-

till
<47> <{Of the Family businesses}.>

till Snow lie thick and then will travel home, 
men, women and children, thorow the snow, 
thirtie, yea, fiftie or sixtie miles; but their 
great remove is from their Summer fields to 
warme and thicke woodie bottomes where 
they winter: They are quicke; in halfe a day, 
yea, sometimes at few houres warning to be 
gone and the house up elsewhere; especially, 
if they have stakes readie pitcht for their 
{Mats}.

I once in travel[l] lodged at a house, at which 
in my returne I hoped to h…ve lodged againe 
there the nex night, but the house was gone 
in that interim, and I was glad to lodge under 
a tree:

The men make the poles or stakes, but the 
women make and set up, take downe, order, 
and carry the {Mats} and housholdstuffe.

{Observation in generall.}

The sociablenesse of the nature of man appeares 
in the wildest of them, who love societie; 
Families, cohabitation, and consociation 
of houses and townes together.

More
<48> <{Of the Family businesses}.>

More particular:

1 {How busie are the sonnes of men?
How full their heads and hands?
What noyse and tumults in our owne,
And eke in} Pagan {lands?}

2 {Yet I have found lesse noyse, more peace 
In wilde} America,
{Where women quickly build the house; 
And quickly move away.}
English {and} Indians {busie are,
In parts of their abode:
Yet both stand} idle, {till God's call
Set them to worke for God.}	Mat.20.7.


CHAP. VII.

Of {their Persons} and {parts of body}.

|UPpaqu¢ntup.|	`The head.'
|Nuppaqu¢ntup.|	`My head.'
|W‚sheck.|	`The hayre.'
|Wuchechep£nnock.|	`A great bunch of hayre bound up behind.'
|M£ppacuck.|	`A long locke.'

{Obs} Yet
<49> <E> <Of {their Persons and parts of body}.>

{Obs.} Yet some cut their haire round, and
some as low and as short as the sober {English};
yet I never saw any so to forget nature it selfe 
in such excessive length and monstrous fashion, 
as to the shame of the {English} Nation, I 
now (with griefe) see my Countrey-men in 
{England} are degenerated unto.

|Wutt�p.|	`The braine.'

{Ob.} In the braine their opinion is, that the 
soule (of which we shall speake in the Chapter 
of {Religion}) keeps her chiefe seat and residence:

For the temper of the braine in quick apprehensions 
and accurate judgements (to say 
no more) the most high and soveraigne God 
and Creator, hath n t made them inferiour 
to {Europeans}.

The {Mauqua–ogs}, or {Men-eaters}, that live 
two or three miles West from us, make a delicious 
monstrous dish of the head and brains 
of their enemies; which yet is no barre (when 
the time shall approach) against Gods call, 
and their repentance, and (who knowes but) 
a greater love to the Lord Jesus? great sinners 
forgiven love much.

|Msc ttuck.|	`The fore-heed.'
|Wuske‚suck-quash.|	`Eye, or eyes.'
|Tiy—sh kusske‚suckquash?|-	`Can you not see, or where are your eyes?'

Wucha–n
<50>  <Of {their Persons and parts of body}.>

|Wucha–n.|	`The nostrills.'
|Wutt¢vwog, gu…sh.|	`Eare, eares.'
|Wutt•ne.|	`The mouth.'
|W‚enat.|	`The tongue.'
|W‚pit-teash.|	`Tooth, teeth.'
|Pummaumpite—nck.|	`The tooth-ake.'

{Obs.} Which is the onely paine will force
their stout hearts to cry; I cannot heare of
any disease of the stone amongst them (the
corne of the Countrey, with which they are
fed from the wombe, being an admirable
cleanser and opener:) but the paine of their
womens childbirth (of which I shall speake afterward 
in the Chapter of {Marriage}) never
forces their women so to cry, as I have heard
some of their men in this paine.

In this paine they use a certaine root dried,
not much unlike our {Ginger}.

|S¡tchipuck.|	`The necke.'
|Quttuck.|	`The throat.'
|Timeq£assin.|	`To cut off or behead.'

which they are most skilfull to doe in fight:
for, when ever they wound, and their arrow
sticks in the body of their enemie, they (if
they be valourous, and possibly may) they
follow their arrow, and falling upon the person
wounded and tearing his head a little aside
by his Locke, they in the twinckling of an eye

fetch
<51> <E 2> <Of {their Persons and parts of body}.>

fetch off his head though but with a forry
knife.

I know the man yet living, who in time of
warre, pretended to fall from his owne campe
to the enemie, proffered his service in the
front w�th them against his own Armie from
whence he had revolted. Hee propounded
such plausible advantages, that he drew them
out to battell, himselfe keeping in the front;
but on a sudden, shot their chiefe Leader and
Captaine, and being shot, in a trice fetcht off
his head, and returned immediatly to his own
againe, from whom in pretence (though with
this trecherous  ntention) hee had revolted:
his act was false and trecherous, yet herein
appeares policie, stoutnesse and activitie, &c.

|Map…nnog.|	`The breast.'
|Wupp¡ttene ‚nash.|	`Arme, Armes.'
|Wutt…h.|	`The heart.'
|Wunnˆtu nitt….|	`My heart is good.'

{Obs.} This speech they use when ever they
professe their honestie; they naturally confessing
that all goodnesse is first in the heart.

|Mishqu¡nash.|	`The vaines.'
|MishquŠ, n‚epuck.|	`The blood.'
|Uppusqu…n.|	`The backe.'
|Nuppusqu…nnick.|	`My back, or at my back.'

Wunn¡che-
<52> <Of {their Persons and parts of body}.>

|Wunn¡cheke.|	`Hand.'
|Wunnick‚gannash.|	`Hands.'
|Mok ssuck.|	`Nayles.'

{Ob.} They are much delighted after battell to
hang up the hands and heads of their enemies:
(Riches, long Life, and the Lives of enemies
being objects of great delight to all men naturall;
but {Salomon} begg'd Wisedome before
these.)

|Wunn ks.|	`The bellie.'
|Ap•me, Ap•mash.|	`The thigh, the thighs.'
|Mohc•nt, tash.|	`A legge, legs.'
|WussŠte, tash.|	`A foot, feet.'
|Wunnich‚ganash.|	`The toes.'
|Tou wutt¡nsin.|	`What manner of man?'
|Tou n£ckquaque.|	`Of what bignesse?'
|Wom ‚su|    }	`White,'
|Mowˆsu|, {&}}	`Blacke, or swarfish.'
|Suckˆsu.|   }

{Obs.} Hence they call a {Blackamore} (themselves
are tawnie, by the Sunne and their annoyntings,
yet they are borne white:)

|Suck utacone,|	`A cole blacke man.'

For, |Sucki| is black, and |Wa– acone|, one that
weares clothes, whence {English, Dutch, French,
Scotch}, they call |Wautaconƒuog|, or {Coatmen}.

|Cumm¡nakese.|	`You are strong.'
|Minikˆsu.|	`Strong.'

Miniocquˆsu
<53> <E 3> <Of {Discourse} and {Newes}.>

|Minioquˆsu.|	`Weake.'
|Cumm¡niocquese.|	`Weake you are.'
|Qunna£qussu.|	`A tall man.'
|Qunnauquss¡tchick.|	`Tall men.'
|Tiaqu¢nqussu.|	`Low and short.'
|Tiaquonquss¡chick.|	`Men of lowe stature.'
|Wunnˆtu-wock.|	`Proper and personall.'

{The generall Observation from the parts of
the bodie.}

Nature knowes no difference between {Europe}
and {Americans} in blood, birth, bodies, &c.
God having of one blood made all mankind,
{Acts} 17. and all by nature being children of
wrath, {Ephes.} 2.

More particularly:

{Boast not proud} Euglish, {of thy birth & blood,
Thy brother} Indian {is by birth as Good.
Of one blood God made Him, and Thee & All,
As wise, as faire, as strong, as personall.
By nature wrath's his portio~, thine no more
Till Grace} his {soule and} thine {in Christ restore
Make sure thy second birth, else thou shalt see,
Heaven ope to} Indians {wild, but shut to thee.}

CHAP.
<54> <Of {Discourse} and {Newes}.>


CHAP. III.

Of {Discourse} and {Newes.}

|AUnchemokauhett¡ttea.|-	`Let us discourse, or tell uewes.'
|Tocketeaunchim?|	`What newes?'
|Aaunchem¢kaw.|	`Tell me your newes.'
|Cuttaunchem¢kous.|	`I will tell you newes.'
|Mautaunchemokouˆan.|-	`When I have done telling the newes.'
|Cummautaunchem¢kous.|-	`I have done my newes.'

{Obs.} Their desire of, and delight in newes,
is great, as the {Athenians}, and all men, more or
lesse; a stranger that can relate newes in their
owne language, they will stile him {Manitt¢o},
a God.

|Wutaunche~ocou“og.|	`I will tell it them.'
|Awaun mesh aunchem¢kau.|-	`Who brought this newes?'
|Awaun mesh kupp¡ttouwaw.|-	`Of whom did you heare it?'
|Uppan unchim.|	`Your newes is true.'
|Cowawwunnaunchim.|-	`He tells false newes.'

Nummau
<55> <E 4> <Of {Discourse} and {Newes}.>

|Nummautan—me.|	`I have spoken enough.'
|Nsouwuss nneme|	`I am weary with speaking'

{Obs.} Their manner is upon any tidings to
sit round double or treble or more, as their
numbers be; I have seene neer a thousand in
a round, where {English} could not well neere
halfe so many have sitten: Every man hath
his pipe of their {Tobacco}, and a deepe silence
they make, and attention give to him that
speaketh; and many of them will deliver
themselves either in a relation of news, or
in a consultation with very emphaticall 
speech and great action, commonly an houre, 
and sometimes two houres together.

|Npenowauntawƒumen.|-	`I cannot speak your language.'
|Matta nipp nnawem|	`I lie not.'
|Cupp nnowem.|	`You lie.'
|Mattanickoggacho—sk|-
|Matntiantac¢mpaw.|-	`I am no lying fellow.'
|Matntiant samp wwa.|-
|Achienonƒumwem.|	`I speake very true.'
|Kukkita.|	`Hearken to me.'
|Kukkakitto—s.|	`I heare you.'

{Obs.}
<56> <Of Discourse and Newes.>

{Obs.} They are impatient (as all men and
God himselfe is) when their speech is not attended
and listened to.

|Cupp¡ttous.|	`I understand you.'
|Cowƒutous.|
|Machagenowƒutam.|	`I understand not.'
|Matnowawtawat‚mina.|-	`Wee undestand not each other.'
|Wunnƒumwash.|	`Speake the truth.'
|Coanƒumwem.|	`You speake true.'

{Obs.} This word and and the next, are words
of great flattery which they use each to other,
but constantly to their Princes at their speeches,
for which, if they be eloquent, they
esteeme them Gods, as {Herod} among the {Iewes}.

|Wunnƒumwaw ew•.|	`He speaks true.'
|Cuppannawƒutous.|	`I doe not believe you.'
|Cuppannawƒuti?|	`Doe you not believe?'
|Nippannawƒutunck ew•.|	`He doth not believe me.'
|Mich‚me nippannawƒutam.|-	`I shall never believe it.'

{Obs.} As one answered me when I had discoursed
about many points of God, of the
creation, of the soule, of the danger of it, and
the saving of it, he assented; but when I spake
of the rising againe of the body, he cryed out,
I shall never believe this.

Pann¢wa
<57> <Of {Discourse} and {Newes}.>

|Pann¢uwa aw…un, awaun keesitte¢uwin.-|	`Some body hath made this lie.'
|Tattƒ P�tch|	`I cannot tell, it may so come to passe.'
|Nni, e¡u.|	`It is true.'
|Mat enƒno|, {or}, |mat eƒno.|	`It is not true.'
|Kekuttokƒunta.|	`Let us speake together.'
|Kutt¢kash.|	`Speake.'
|Tawhitch mat cutt“an?|	`Why speake you not?'
|T‚aqua nt£nnawem, or, nt‚awem?|	`What should I speake?'
|Wetap¡mmin.|	`To sit downe.'
|Wetapwƒuwwas.|	`Sit and talke with us.'
|Ta£powaw.|	`A wise speaker.'
|Enapw uwwaw, Eississ–mo.|	`He speaks Indian.'
|Matta nowawwƒuon, matta now hea.|	`I know nothing of it.'
|Pitchnow uwon, Wunnaumwƒuonck.|	`I shall know the truth.'
|Wunnaumw yean.|	`If he say true.'

{Obs.} {Canounicus}, the old high {Sachim} of the
{Nariganset Bay} (a wise and peaceable Prince)
once in a solemne Oration to my self, in a solemne
assembly, using this word, said, I have

never
<58> <Of {Discourse} and {Newes}.>

never suffered any wrong to be offered to the
{English} since they landed; nor never will: he
often repeated this word, {Wunnaumw yean, Englishman};
if the {Englishman} speake true, if hee 
meane truly, then shall I goe to my grave in 
peace, and hope that the {English} and my posteritie
shall live in love and peace together. I
replied, that he had no cause (as I hoped) to
question {Englishmans, Wunnaumwa£onck}, that is, 
faithfulnesse he having had long experience of 
their friendlinesse and trustinesse. He tooke a 
sticke and broke it into ten pieces, and related
ten instances (laying downe a sticke to every
instance) which gave him cause thus to feare
and say; I satisfied him in some presently, and
presented the rest to the Governours of the
{English}, who, I hope, will be far from giving
just cause to have {Barbarians} to question their
{Wunnaumwƒuonck}, or faithfulnesse.

|Tocketunn ntum,|}
|Tocketun name,| }	`What doe you thinke?'
|Tockete ntam?|  }
|Ntunn ntum,|	`I thinke.'
|Nte ntum.|
|N nick nteeƒtum.|	`I thinke so to.'
|Nteat mmowonck.|	`That is my thought, or opinion'
|Matntunnant mmen|	`I thinke not so.'
|Matnteeant mmen.|

Nowec¢n-
<59> <Of {Discourse} and {Newes}.>

|Nowec¢ntam,|	`I am glad.'
|Noweete ntam.|
|Coan umatous.|	`I believe you.'

{Obs.} This word they use just as the {Greeke}
tongue doth that verbe, {pis‚yein:} for believing
or obeying, as it is often used in the new {Testament},
and they say |Coann umatous|, I will
obey you.

|Yo aph‚ttit.|	`When they are here.'
|Yo pey hettit.|	`When they are com.'

This Ablative case absolute they much use,
and comp ise much in little;

|Awaunagrss, suck.|	`English-man, men.'

This they call us, as much as to say, These
strangers.

|Wa£tacone-n–aog.|	`Englishman, men.'

That is, Coat-men, or clothed.

|Ch uquaqock.|	`English-men', properly sword-men.
|Wautac¢nisk.|	`An English woman.'
|Wautacon‚mese.|	`An English youth.'
|W ske pey eyan.|	`When you came first.'
|W ske pey hetit, Wautaconƒuog.|	`When English-men came first.'
|T whitch pey hettit|	`Why come they hither?'

{Obs.} This question they oft put to me: Why
come the {Englishmen} hither? and measuring
others by themselves; they say, It is because

you
<60> <Of {Discourse} and {Newes}.>

you want {firing}: for they, having burnt up
the {wood} in one place, (wanting draughts to
bring {wood} to them) they are faine to follow
the {wood}; and so to remove to a fresh new
place for the {woods} sake.

|Matta mihtuckqunn£nno?|-	`Have you no trees?'
|Mishaunetash,|	`Great store.'
|Maunetash.|
|Maunƒuog, Wussaumemaunƒuog|	`They are too full of people.'
|Noonap£ock.|	`They have not roome one by another.'
|Aum umuwaw P u[o]sha.|	`A messenger comes.'
|Wawwhawtowƒuog.|	`They hollow.'
|Wauwha–towaw nawat.|0 	 `'Tis an Alarme.'

{Obs.} If it be in time of {warre}, he that is a
{Messenger} runs swiftly, and at every towne the
{Messenger} comes, a fresh {Messenger} is sent: he 
that is the last, comming within a mile or
two of the Court, or chiefe house, he {hollowes}
often and they that heare answer him untill
by mutuall {hollowing} and answering hee is
brought to the place of {audience}, whereby this
meanes is gathered a great confluence of people
to entertaine the {newes}.

Wuss£ck
<61> <Of {Discourse} and {Newes}.>

|WussuckwhŠke,|	`A letter' which they so call from |Wussuckwh¢mmin|-, `to paint'; for, having no letters, their painting comes the neerest.
|Wuss£ckwhonck.|
|Wuss£ckquash.|	`Write a Letter.'
|W£ssuckwheke, y¡mmi.|	`Make me a Letter.'

{Obs.} That they have often desired of me
upon many occasions; for their good and
peace, and the {English} also, as it hath pleased
God to vouchsafe opportunitie.

|Quenowƒuog.|	`They complaine.'
|Tawhitch quenawayean?|-	`Why complaine you?'
|Mucc•.|	`It is true you say.'
|Tuckawnt‚awem?|	`What should I say to it?'

The generall {Observation} from their
{Discourse} and {Newes}

The whole race of {mankind} is generally infected
with an {itching desire} of hearing {Newes}.

more particular:

1 Mans {restlesse soule hath restlesse eyes and eares,
Wanders in} change {of sorrows, cares and feares.}

Faine
<62> <Of the time of the day.>

{Faine would it} (Bee-like) {suck by the ears, by the eye
Something that might his hunger satisfie:
The} Gospel, {or} Glad tidings {onely can,
Make glad the} English, {and the} Indian.


CHAP. IX.

{Of the time of the day.}

{Obs.} THey are punctuall in measuring their 
{Day} by the {Sunne}, and their {Night} by 
the {Moon} and the {Starres}, and their lying much 
abroad in the ayre; and so living in the open 
fields, occasioneth even the youngest amongst 
them to be very observant of those {Heavenly} 
Lights.

|Maut ubon, Chich uquat wompan.|-	`It is day.'
|Aumpatƒuban.|	`It is broad day.'
|Tou wutt£ttan?|	`How high is the Sunne?' that is, `What is't a clocke?'
|P spisha.|	`It is Sunne-rise.'
|Numm ttaquaw.|	`Fore-noone.'
|Y hen P ushaquaw.|	`Allmost noone.'
|P weshaquaw.|	`Noone.'
|Quttukquaquaw Panic¢mpaw.|	`After dinner.'

Naw
<63> <Of {the time of the day}.>

|Nawwƒuwquaw.|	`After-noone.'
|Yo wutt£ttan.|	`The Sunne thus high.'
|Y hen waiy…uw.|	`Allmost Sun-set.'
|Waya…wi.|	`The Sun is set.'
|Wunn uquit:|	`Evening.'
|P¢ppakunnetch, auchaugotch.|-	`Darke night.'
|T£ppaco|, {&}	`Toward night.'
|Otemat¡ppocat.|
|Nanashowat¡ppocat.|	`Midnight.'
|Chou¢eatch.|	`About Cockcrowing.'
|Kitompanisha.|	`Breake of day.'
|Y• t…unt nipp‚ean.|	`The Sun thus high, I will come.'

{Obs.} They are punctuall in their promises
of keeping time; and sometimes have charged
mee with a lye for not punctually keeping
time, though hindred.

|Yo t…unt cuppeeyƒumen.|-	`Come by the Sunne thus high.'
|Anamak‚esuck.|	`This day.'
|Sa–op.|	`To morrow.'
|Wussƒume t tsha.|	`It is too late.'
|Tiaquockask‚esakat.|	`A short day.'
|Quawquonik‚esakat.|	`A long day.'
|Quawquonikeesaq£tcheas.|-	`Long dayes.'

Nquit-
<64> <Of {the time of the day}.>

|Nquittakeesiqu¢ckat,|  }	`One dayes walke.'
|Nquittakeesp£mmishen.|-}
|Pauk£nnum.|	`Darke.'
|Wequƒi.|	`Light.'
|Wequ shim.|	`Moon-light.'

{The generall observation from their time
of the day.}

The {Sunne} and {Moone}, in the observation
of all the {sonnes} of {men}, even the wildest are
the great {Directors} of the {day} and {night}; as it
pleased {God} to appoint in the first {Creation}.

More particular.

1 {The} Indians {find the} Sun {so sweet,
He is a} God {they say;
Giving them} Light, {and} Heat, {and} Fruit,
{And} Guidance {all the day.}

2 {They have no helpe of} Clock {or} Watch,
{And} Sunne {they} overprize.
{Having those artificiall helps, the} Sun,
{We unthankfully despise.}
God {is a} Sunne {and} Shield, {a thousand times more bright}
Indians, {or} English, {thongh they see.
Yet how few prise his} Light?

CHAP.
<65> <F> <Of {the season of the Yeere}.>

CHAP. X.
Of {the season of the Yeere.}

|NQuittaq£nnegat.|	`One day.'
|Neesq£nnagat.|	`2 dayes. '
|Shuckqun¢ckat.|	`3 dayes.'
|Yowunn¢ckat|, &c.	`4 dayes.'
|Piuckaq£nnagat.|	`10 dayes.'
|Piuckaqunnagat nabnaqu�t.|-	`11 dayes.'
|Piuckaq£nnagat nabneeze|0, &c.	`12 dayes.'
|Neesneechektashuckqunn¢ckat.|0	`20 dayes.'
|Neesneechektashuckqunnockat-nabnaqu�t.|0- &c.	`21 dayes.'
|S‚quan.|	`The Spring.'
|Aukeete mitch.|	`Spring, or Seed-time.'
|N‚epun|, {&} |Quaq£squan.|	`Summer.'
|Taqu•nck.|	`Fall of leafe and Antumne.'
|Pap•ne.|	`Winter.'
|Sas‚quacup.|	`This Spring last.'

Yo
<66> <T{he seasons of the Yeare}.>

|Yo neep£nnacup.|	`This Summer last.'
|Y• taqu¢nticup.|	`This Harvest last.'
|Papap“cup.|	`Winter last.'
|Ya–nedg.|	`The last yeere.'
|Nippa–us.|	`The Sunne.'
|Munn nnock.|
|Nanepa–shat.|	`The Moone.'
|Nqnitpawsuckenpa–us.|-	`1 Moneth.'
|Neespausuck npa–us.|	`2 Moneths.'
|Shwe pausuck npa–us|- &c.	`3 Moneths.'
|Neesne hettit|	`2 Moneths.'
|Shwinne hettit.|	`3 Moneths.'
|Yowinne hettit|, &c.	`4 Moneths.'

{Obs.} They have thirteen {Moneths} according
to the severall {Moones}; and they give to each
of them significant names: {as},

|Sequanak‚eswush.|	`Spring moneth.'
|Neepunnak‚eswush.|	`Summer moneth.'
|Taquontik‚eswush.|	`Harvest moneth.'
|Paponak‚eswush|, &c.	`Winter moneth, &c.'
|Nquittecaut£mmo.|	`1 Yeere.'
|Tashecaut£mmo?|	`How many yeeres?'
|Chashecaut£mmo cutt ppemus?|	`How many yeeres since you were borne?'
|Neesecaut£mmo.|	`2 Yeere.'
|Shwecaut£mmo.|	`3 Yeere.'

Yowecau-
<67> <F 2> <T{he seasons of the Yeare}.>

|Yowecaut£mmo.|	`4 Yeere.'
|Piukquecaut£mmo.|	`10 Yeere.'
|Piuckquecaut£mmo, nabnaqu�t|, &c.	`11 Yeere; &c.'

{Obs.} If the yeere proove drie, they have
great and solemne meetings from all parts at
one high place, to supplicate their gods, and
to beg raine, and they will continue in this
worship ten dayes, a fortnight; yea, three
weckes, untill raine come.

|Tash¡nash pap¢nash?|	`How many winters?'
|Ahauqushapap•ne.|	`A sharpe winter.'
|K‚esqush keesuckquƒi.|-	`By day.'
|N ukocks nokann wi.|-	`By night.'


{Generall} Observation {from their} Seasons
{of the Yeere}.

The {Sunne} and {Moone}, and {Starres} and {seasons}
of the yeere doe preach a {God} to all the
sonnes of men, that they which know no letters,
doe yet read an {eternall Power} and {Godhead}
in these:

More speciall.

1 {The} Sun {and} Moone {and} Stars {doe preach,
The} Dayes {and} Nights {sound out}:

Spring
<68> <Of {Travell}.>

Spring, Summer, Fall, {and} Winter {eke
Each} Moneth {and} Yeere {about}.

2 {So that the} wildest {sonnes of men
Without excuse shall say,
Gods} righteous {sentence past on us,
(In dreadfull Judgement day.)
If so, what doome is theirs that see,
Not onely} Natures {light;
But} Sun {of} Ri hteousnesse, {yet chose
To live in darkest Night?}


CHAP. XI.

Of {Travell}.

|M yi.|	`Away.'
|May£o?|	`Is there a way?'
|Mat mayan£nno.|	`There is no way.'
|Peemayagat.|	`A little way.'
|Mishimmayagat.|	`A great path.'
|Mach¡pscat.|	`A stone path.'

{Obs.} It is admirable to see, what paths their
naked hardned feet have made in the wildernesse
in most stony and rockie places.

|Nnatotem£ckaun.|	`I will aske the way.'
|Kunnat¢temous|	`I will inquire of you.'
|Kunnatotem�?|	`Doe you aske me?'

Tou
<69> <F 3> <Of {Travell}.>

|Tou nishin m‚yi?|	`Where lies the way?'
|Kokotem¡innea m‚yi|	`Shew me the way.'
|Yo  inshick m‚yi.|	`There the way lies.'
|Kukkak¢temous.|	`I will shew you.'
|Yo cummittam yon.|	`There is the way you must goe.'
|Yo chippachƒusin.|	`There the way divides.'
|Ma£chatea.|	`A guide.'
|M uchase.|	`Be my guide.'

{Obs.} The wildernesse being so vast, it is a
mercy, that for a hire a man shall never want
guides, who will carry provisions, and such as
hire them over the Rivers and Brookes, and
find out often times hunting-houses, or other
lodgings at night.

|An•ce w‚nawash.|	`Hire him.'
|Kutt nnoonsh.|	`I will hire you.'
|Kutta£nckquittaunch.|-	`I will pay you.'
|Kummuchick¢nckquatous.|-	`I will pay you well.'
|Tocketaonckquitt¡innea.|-	`What wil you give me?'
|Cumm uchanish.|	`I will conduct you.'
|Y• a–nta,|	`Let us goe that way.'
|Y• cuttƒunan.|	`Goe that way.'
|Yo mt£nnock.|	`The right hand.'
|Yo nm£nnatch.|	`The left hand.'

Cow‚-
<70> <Of {Travell}.>

|Cow‚chaush.|	`I will goe with you.'
|W‚tash.|	`Goe along.'
|Cow‚chaw ew•.|	`He will goe with you.'
|Cowechauat¡mmin.|	`I will goe with you.'
|Wechauat¡ttea.|	`Let us accompany.'
|Ta–bot w‚t yean.|	`I thanke you for your company.'

{Obs.} I have heard of many {English} lost, and
have oft been lost my selfe, and my selfe and
others have often been found, and succoured
by the {Indians}.

|Pitchcow wwon.|	`You will lose your way.'
|Meshnow wwon.|	`I lost my way.'
|NummauchŠmin|,	`I will be going.'
|Ntannite¡mmin.|
|Mammauchˆtuck.|	`Let us be going.'
|ƒnakiteunck.|	`He is gone.'
|Memauchˆwi anittui.|
|Memauchegush nnick.|-	`They are gone.'
|Anakugush nnick.|	`They are gone.'
|Tunnockutt•me|
|Tunnockkuttoyeƒim|	`Whither goe you?'
|Tunnockkutt¡nshem.|
|Nneg¢nshem.|	`I will goe before.'
|Cuppomp ish.|	`I will stay for you.'
|Neg¢nshesh.|	`Goe before.'
|Mittummaya–cup.|	`The way you went before.'

Cummat
<71> <F 4> <Of {Travell}.>

|Cumm ttanish.|	`I will follow you.'
|Cuppahimmin.|	`Stay for me.'
|Tawhich quaunquaquˆan.?|0	`Why doe you run so?'
|Nowec¢ntum p£mmishem.|-	`I have a mind to travell'
|Konkenuphshƒuta.|	`Let us goe apace.'
|Konken£ppe.|	`Goe apace.'
|Mich‚me nquaunquaquˆmin.|-	`I have run alwayes.'
|Yo ntoyamƒushem.|	`I goe this pace.'

{Obs.} They are generally quick on foot,
brought up from the breasts to running: their
legs being also from the wombe stretcht and
bound up in a strange way on their Cradle
backward, as also annointed; yet have they
some that excell: so that I have knowne many
of them run betweene fourscoure or an hundred
miles in a Summers day, and back within
two dayes: they doe also practice running
of {Races}; and commonly in the Summer,
they delight to goe without shoes, although
they have them hanging at their backs: they
are so exquisitely skilled in all the body and
bowels of the Countrey (by reason of their
huntings) that I have often been guided twentie,
thirtie, sometimes fortie miles through
the woods, a streight course out of any path.

Y•
<72> <Of {Travell}.>

|Y• wuchˆ.|	`From hence.'
|Toun£ckquaque yo wuchˆ|	`How far from hence?'
|Y• an£ckquaque.|	`So farre.'
|Yo anuckquaquˆse.|	`So little away.'
|Waunaquˆse.|	`A little way.'
|Aukeewusha–og.|	`They goe by land.'
|M�shoon h¢mwock.|	`They goe or come by water.'
|Naynayo–mewot.|	`A Horse.'
|Wunnia, naynayo–mewot.|-	`He rides on Horse-back.'

{Obs.} Having no Horses, they covet them
above other Cattell, rather preferring ease in
riding, then their profit and belly, by milk and
butter from Cowes and Goats and they are
loth to come to the {English} price for any.

|Aspumm‚wi|	`He is not gone by.'
|As pumm‚wock|	`They are not gone by.'
|Awanick pay nchick|	`Who come there?'
|Awanick negonshachick?|-	`Who are these before us?'
|Yo cuppummesic¢mmin,|0	`Crosse over into the way there.'
|Cupp�-mach…ug.|	`Thick wood: a Swamp.'

{Obs.} These thick Woods and Swamps like
the Boggs to the {Irish}) are the Refuges for
Women and children in Warre, whil'st the

men
<73> <Of {Travell}.>

men fight. As the Country is wondrous full
of Brookes and Rivers, so doth it also abound
with fresh ponds, some of many miles compasse.

|N¡ps-nipsash|	`Pond: Ponds.'
|WŠta: w‚tedg|	`The Woods on fire.'
|Wussaumpat mmin|	`To view or looke about.'
|Wussaum pat moonck.|-	`A Prospect.'
|Wuttoc‚k‚min|	`To wade.'
|Tocek‚tuck|	`Let us wade.'
|Tou wutt uqussin?|	`How deepe?'
|Y• nta£qussin|	`Thus deep.'
|Ku[n]n¡ish.|	`I will carry you.'
|Kuckq£ssuckqun|	`You are heavy.'
|Kunnƒukon|	`You are light.'
|Pas£ckquish|	`Rise.'
|Anakish: ma£chish:|	`Goe.'
|Quaqu�sh|	`Runne.'
|Nokus k uatees|	`Meet him.'
|Nockuskauat¡tea|	`Let us meet.'
|Neenmeshn¢ckuskaw.|	`I did meet.'

{Obs.} They are joyfull in meeting of any
in travell, and will strike fire either with
stones or sticks, to take Tobacco, and discourse
a little together.

Mesh
<74> <Of T{ravell}.>

|Mesh Kunnockquskauat¡mmin?|0	`Did you meet?' &c.
|Yo Kuttauntap¡mmin.|-	`Let us rest here.'
|Kussackquˆtuck.|	`Let us sit downe.'
|Yo appittuck|	`Let us sit here.'
|Nissowanis|
|Nissow…nishka–men.|0	`I am weary.'
|Nickq£ssaqus|	`I am lame.'
|Ntouagonnausinn£mmin|0	`We are distrest undone, or in misery.'

{Obs.} They use this word properly in wandring
toward Winter night, in which case I
have been many a night with them, and
many times also alone yet alwayes mercifully
preserved.

|Teƒno wonck nipp‚eam|0	`I will be here by and by againe.'
|Mat Kunn¡ckansh|	`I will not leave you.'
|Aquie Kunnickatshash.|-	`Doe not leave me.'
|Tavvh¡tch nickatshiˆan?|0	`Why doe you forsake me?'
|Wutt nho|	`A staffe.'
|Y• ¡ish Wutt nho|	`Use this staffe.'

Obs.
<75> <Of T{ravell}.>

{Obs.} Sometimes a man shall meet a lame
man or an old man with a Staffe: but generally
a Staffe is a rare sight in the hand of the
eldest, their Constitution is so strong. I
have upon occasion travelled many a score,
yea many a hundreth mile amongst them,
without need of stick or staffe, for any appearance
of danger amongst them: yet it is
a rule amongst them, that it is not g od for
a man to travell without a Weapon nor alone.

|Taqu ttin|	`Frost.'
|Auke taqu tsha|	`The ground is frozen.'
|S‚ip taqu ttin.|	`The River is frozen.'
|Now nnesin|	`I have forgotten.'
|nippitt ak£nnamun.|-	`I must goe back.'

{Obs.} I once travalled with neere 200 who
had word of neere 700. Enemies in the way,
yet generally they all resolved that it was a
shame to feare and goe back.

|Nippanishkok¢mmin|	`I have let fall something.'
|Npuss…go.|
|komm�n|
|Mattaƒsu|	`A little way.'
|Na–wot.|	`A great way.'
|N wwatick|	`Farre of at Sea.'
|Ntaquatchuwa–men|	`I goe up hill.'

Taguatch•wash
<76> <Of {Travell}.>

|Taguatch•wash|	`Goe up hill.'
|Waumsu|	`Downe hill.'
|Mau£nshesh|	`Goe slowly or gently.'
|Mauanish uta|	`Let us goe gently.'
|Tawh�tch chechequnnuw yean?|0	`Why doe you rob me?'
|Aquie chechequnn£wash.|0	`Doe not rob me.'
|Chechequnnuw chick.|	`Robbers.'
|Chechequnn¡ttin|	`There is a Robbery committed.'
|Kemineant£ock|	`They murder each other.'

{Obs.} If any Robbery fall out in Travell,
between Person of diverse States, the offended
State sends for Justice, If no Justice bee
granted and recompence made, they grant
out a kind of Letter of Mart to take satisfaction
themselues, yet they are carefull not to
exceed in taking from others, beyond the
Proportion of their owne losse.

|W£skont …wa—n nkemine¡ucqun.|	`I feare some will murther mee.'

{Obs.} I could never heare that Murthers or
Robberies are comparably so frequent, as in
parts of {Europe} amongst the English, French,
&c.

Cutchachewuss¡m.
<67/r.77> <Of {Travell}.>

|Cutchachewuss¡mmin.|	`You are almost there.'
|Kiskecuppeeya~umen.|-	`You are a little short.'
|Cuppeey umen|	`Now you are there.'
|Muckqu‚tu|	`Swift.'
|Cumm£mmuckquete.|-	`You are swift.'
|Cuss saqus|	`You are slow.'
|Sassaqushƒuog|	`They are slow.'
|Cuttinneap£mmishem|-	`Will you passe by?'
|Wuttineapummushƒuta.|-	`Let us passe by.'
|Keeatsha–ta.|		`I come for no busines.'
|Ntinneapreya–men|-	`In vaine or to no purpose.'
|Aco–we|
|Ntack¢wvvepeya—n.|-	`I have lost my labour.'
|Cummaut–ssakou.|	`You have mist him.'
|Kihtummƒyi-wuss uhumwi.|-	`He went just now forth.'
|Pitt£ckish.|	`Goe back.'
|Pittuck‚tuck.|	`Let us goe back.'
|P¢newhush.|	`Lay downe your burthen.'

Generall
<78> <T{heir Travell}.>

{Generall Observations of their Travell}.

As the same Sun shines on the Wildernesse
that doth on a Garden! so the same
faithfull and all sufficient God, can comfort-
feede and safely guide even through a desolate
howling Wildernesse.

{More particular.}

{God makes a Path, provides a Guide,
And feeds in Wildernesse !
1 His glorious Name while breath remaines,
O that I may confesse.

Lost many a time, I have had no Guide,
2 No House, but hollow Tree!
In stormy VVinter night no Fire,
No Food, no Company:

In him I have found a House, a Bed,
3 A Table, Company:
No Cup so bitter, but's made sweet,
VVhen Go'd shall Sweetning be.

CHAP. III.
<79> <T{he heavenly Lights}.>


CHAP. XII.

{Concerning the Heavens and Heavenly
Lights},

|K‚esuck.|	`The Heavens.'
|Keesucqu¡u.|	`Heavenward.'
|A£ke, Aukeease¡u.|	`Downwards.'
|Nippƒwus.|	`The Sun.'
|Keesuckqu…nd.|	`A name of the Sun.'

({Obs.}) By which they acknowledge the Sun,
and adore for a God or divine power.

|Munn nnock.|	`A name of the Sun.'
|Nanepa—shat|, {&}}	`The Moone.'
|Munn nnock.|     }
|Wequ shim.|	`A light Moone.'
|Pashp¡shea.|	`The Moone is up.'
|Yo wutt£ttan.|	`So high.'

{Obs.} And so they use the same rule, and
words for the course of the Moone in the
{Night}. as they use for the course of the Sun
by {Day}, which wee mentioned in the
Chapter of the Houre, or time of the Day
concerning the Sunnes rising, , course, or
Sunne setting.

Y•
<86/r.80> <{Of the Heavenly Bodies.}>

|Y• Ockquitteunk.|	`A new Moone.'
|Paush‚sui.|	`Halfe Moone.'
|Yo wompan mmit.|

{Obs.} The Moone so old, which they measure
by the setting of it, especially when it
shines till |W¢mpan|, or day.

|An¢ckqus: an¢cksuck.|	`A Starre Starres.'

{Obs.} By occasion of their frequent lying in
the Fields and Woods, they much observe
the Starres, and their very children can give
Names to many of them, and observe their
Motions, and they have the same words for
their rising-courses and setting, as for the
Sun or Moone, as before.

|Mosk| or |Pauk£nawaw| the great Beare, or
{Charles Waine}, which words |Mosk|, or |Pauk£nnaww w|-
signifies a Beare, which is so much 
the more observable, because, in most Languages 
that signe or Constellation is called
the Beare.

|Shwishcuttoww uog|	`The Golden Metewand.'
|Mish nnock.|	`The morning Starre.'
|Chipp puock.|	`The Brood-hen', &c.

{Generall Observations of the Heauenly
Bodies.}

The wildest sons of Men heare the preaching

ing
<81> <G> <Of {the season of the Yeere}.>

of the Heavens, the Sun, Moone, and
Starres, yet not seeking after God the Maker
are justly condemned, though they never
have nor despise other preaching, as the civiliz'd
World hath done.

{More particular.}

{When Sun doth rise the Starres doe set,
Yet there's no need of Light,
God shines a} Sunne {most glorious,
When Creatures all are Night.}

{The very} Indian {Boyes can give,
To many} Starres their {name,
And know their Course and therein doe,
2. Excell the} English tame.

3 English {and} Indians {none enquire,
Whose hand these Candles hold:
Iob. 35.   Who gives these} Stars {their Names himself
More bright ten thousand fold. 

CHAP. XIII.

<82> <Of the {VVeather}>


CHAP. XIII.

{Of the Weather.}

|TOcke tussinn mmin k‚esuck?|-	`What thinke you of the Weather?'
|Wekinea–quat.|	`Faire Weather.'
|Wekinn…uquocks.|	`When it is faire weather.'
|Tahk�|, {or} |t takki.|	`Cold weather.'
|TahkeŠs.|	`Cold,'

{Obs.} It may bee wondred why since {New-England}
is about 12. degrees neerer to the Sun,
yet some part of Winter it is there ordinarily
more cold then here in {England}: the reason
is plaine: All Ilands are warmer then
maine Lands and Continents, {England} being
an Iland, {Englands} winds are Sea winds, which
are commonly more thick and vapoury, and
warmer winds: The {Nor-West} wind (which
occcasioneth {New-England} cold) comes over
the cold frozen Land, and over many millions
of Loads of Snow: and yet the pure
wholsomnesse of the Aire is wonderfull, and
the warmth of the Sunne, such in the sharpest
weather, that I have often seen the Natives
Children runne about starke naked in

the
<83> <G 2> <Of {the Weather}.>

the coldest dayes, and the {Indians} Men and
Women lye by a Fire, in the Woods in the
coldest nights, and I have been often out my
selfe such nights without fire, mercifully, and
wonderfully preserved.

|Ta£kocks.|	`Cold weather.'
|K usitteks.|	`Hot weather.'
|Kuss£ttah.|	`It is hot.'
|N£ckqusquatch nn¢onakom.|	`I am a cold.'
|Nickqussittƒunum.|	`I Sweat.'
|Mattƒuqus.|	`A cloud.'
|M ttaquat.|	`It is over-cast.'
|C£ppaquat.|
|S¢kenun.|	`Raine.'
| naquat.|
|Anamak‚esuck s¢kenun.|	`It will raine to day.'
|S¢kenitch.|	`When it raines.'
|S¢chepo|, {or} |C“ne.|	`Snow.'
|Animanƒukock S¢chepo.|	`It will snow to night.'
|S¢chepwutch.|	`When it snowes.'
|Mish£nnan.|	`A great raine.'
|Pƒuqui, pƒuquaquat.|	`It holds up.'
|Nn ppi.|	`Drie.'
|Nn ppaq[u]at.|	`Drie weather.'
|T¢pu.|	`A frost.'

Missitt¢pu.
<84> <Of {the Weather}.>

|Missitt¢pu.|	`A great Frost.'
|Capat.|	`Ice.'
|N‚echipog.|	`The Deaw.'
|M¡chokat.|	`A Thaw.'
|M¡chokateh.|	`When it thawes.'
|Missuppƒugatch.|	`When the rivers are open.'
|Cutshausha.|	`The Lightning.'
|Neimpƒuog.|	`Thunder.'
|Neimpƒuog peskh¢mwock.|0	`Thunderbolts are shot.'

{Obs.} From this the Natives conceiving a
consimilitude between our Guns and Thunder,
they call a Gunne {P‚skunck}, and to discharge
{Peskh¢mmin} that is to thunder.

{Observation generall of the VVeather.}

That Judgement which the Lord Jesus
pronounced against the Weather-wise (but
ignorant of the God of the weather) will fall
most justly upon those {Natives}, and all men
who are wise in Naturall things, but willingly
blind in spirituall.

English {and} Indians {spie a Storme,
and seeke a hiding place:
O hearts of stone that thinke and dreame,
Th'everlasting stormes t'out-face.}

{Proud filthy} Sodome {saw the Sunne,
Shine or'e her head most bright.}

The
<85> <G 3> <Of {the} Winds.>

{The very day that turn'd she was
To stincking heaps, `fore night.
How many millions now alive,
VVithin few yeeres shall rot?
O blest that} Soule, {whose portion is,
That} Rocke {that changeth not.}


CHAP. XIV.

Of {the Winds}.

|VVA–pi.|	`The Wind.'
|Wƒupanash.|	`The Winds.'
|Tash¡nash w upanash|	`How many winds are there?'

{Obs.} Some of them account of seven, some
eight, or nine; and in truth, they doe upon
the matter reckon and observe not onely the
foure but the eight Cardinall winds, although
they come not to the accurate division of
the 32. upon the 32. points of the compasse, as
we doe.

|Nan£mmatin|, {&} |Sunnƒdin.|	`The North wind.
|Chepew‚ssin.|	`The North east.'
|S chimoachepew‚ssin.|-	`Strong North east wind.'

Nopƒtin
<86> <Of {the} Winds.>

|Nopƒtin.|	`The East wind.'
|Nan¢ckquittin|	`The South east wind.'
|Touw£ttin|	`South wind.'
|Pap“netin|	`West wind.'
|Ch‚kesu|	`The Northwest.'
|Ch‚kesitch|	`When the wind blowes Northwest.'
|Tocketunnƒntum?|	`What thinke you?'
|Tou p�tch wutt�n?|	`Where wil the wind be?'
|Nq‚nouh�ck wutt�n|	`I stay for a wind.'
|Yo p�tch wutt�n Sƒuop|	`Here the wind will be to morrow.'
|P�tch Soww nishen.|	`It will be Southwest.'

{Obs.} This is the pleasingest, warmest wind
in the Climate, most desired of the {Indians},
making faire weather ordinarily; and therefore
they have a {Tradition}, that to the South-west,
which they call |Sowwan¡u|, the gods chiefly
dwell; and hither the soules of all their
Great and Good men and women goe.

This Southwest wind is called by the {New-English},
the Sea turne, which comes from the
Sunne in the morning, about nine or ten of
the clock Southeast, and about South, and
then strongest Southwest in the after-noone,
and towards night, when it dies away.

It is rightly called the Sea turne, because
the wind commonly all the Summer, comes

off
<87> <G 4> <Of {the} Winds.>

off from the North and Northwest in the
night, and then turnes againe about from the
South in the day: as {Salomon} speaks of the vanitie
of the Winds in their changes, {Eccles.} 1.6.

|Mishƒupan|	`A great wind.'
|Mishit shin|	`A storme.'
|Wunn gehan|, {or}, |Wunnˆgin wa£pi.|	`Faire wind.'
|Wunnˆgitch wutt�n|	`When the wind is faire.'
|Matt gehan|	`A crosse wind.'
|Wunn gehatch|	`When the wind comes fair'
|Matt gehatch|	`When the wind is crosse.'
|Cowunnageh£ckamen.|-	`You have a faire wind.'
|Cummattageh£ckamen.|-	`The wind is against you.'
|Nummattageh£ckamen.|-	`The wind is against mee.'

{Generall} Observations {of the} Winds.

God is wonderfully glorious in bringing
the {Winds} out of his Treasure, and riding upon
the wings of those {Winds} in the eyes of all
the sonnes of men in all Coasts of the world.

More particular:
1 English {and} Indian {both observe,
The various blasts of} wind:

And
<88> <Of {Fowle}.>

{And both I have heard in dreadfull stormes
Cry out aloud, I have sinn'd.}

{But when the stormes are turn'd to calmes,
And seas grow smooth and still:
Both turne (like} Swine) {to wallow in,
The filth of former will.}

{'Tis not a storme on sea, or shore,
'Tis not the VVord that can;
But 'tis the} Spirit {or} Breath {of God
That must renew the man}.


CHAP. XV.

Of {Fowle}.

|NPesh wog|	}
|Pussekesesuck.|	} `Fowle.'
|Ntauchƒumen.|	`I goe afowling or hunting.'
|Aucha–i.|	`Hee is gone to hunt or fowle.'
|Pepem“i.|	`He is gone to fowle.'
|W¢mpissacuk.|	`An Eagle.'
|Wompsacuckquƒuog.|	`Eagle.'

N‚hom,
<89> <Of {Fowle}.>

|N‚yhom, mƒuog.|	`Turkies.'
|Paupock, s–og.|	`Partridges.'
|Aunckuck, quƒuog.|	`Heath-cocks.'
|Ch¢gan. ‚~uck.|	`Black-bird, Black-birds.'

{Obs.} Of this sort there be millions, which
are great devourers of the {Indian} corne as soon
as it appears out of the ground; Unto this
sort of Birds, especially, may the mysticall
Fowles, the Divells be well resembled (and
so it pleaseth the Lord Jesus himselfe to observe,
{Matth.} 13. which mysticall Fowle follow
the sowing of the Word, and picke it up
from loose and carelesse hearers, as these
Black-birds follow the materiall seed.

Against the Birds the {Indians} are very carefull,
both to set their corne deep enough that
it may have a strong root, not so apt to be
pluckt up, (yet not too deep, lest they bury it,
and it never come up:) as also they put up
little watch-houses in the middle of their
fields, in which they, or their biggest children
lodge, and earely in the morning prevent the
Birds: &c.

|Kok¢kehom, Oh¢mous.|	`An Owle.'
|Kaukont tuock.|	`Crow, Crowes.'

{Obs.} These Birds, although they doe the
corne also some hurt, yet scarce will one {Native}

tive
<90> <Of {Fowle}.>

amongst an hundred wil kil them because
they have a tradition, that the Crow brought
them at first an {Indian} Graine of Corne in one
Eare, and an {Indian} or {French} Beane in
another, from the Great God |Kaut ntouwits|
field in the Southwest from whence they hold
came all their Corne and Beanes.

|H•nck, -h¢nckock,|	`Goose, Geese.'
|W¢mpatuck-quƒuog.|
|W‚quash-shƒuog.|	`Swans, Swans.'
|Munn—cks-munn—cksuck.|0	`Brants, or Brant geese.'
|Queque~cum-mƒuog.|	`Ducks.'

{Obs.} The {Indians} having abundance of these
sorts of Foule upon their waters, take great
pains to kill any of them with their Bow and
Arrowes; and are marvellous desirous of our
{English} Guns, powder and shot (though they
are wisely and generally denied by the {English})
yet with those which they get from the
{French}, and some others ({Dutch} and {English})
they kill abundance of Fowle, being naturally
excellent marks-men; and also more hardned
to endure the weather, and wading, lying, and
creeping on the ground, &c.

I once saw an exercise of training of the
{English}, when all the {English} had mist the mark

set
<91> <Of {Fowle}.>

set up to shoot at, an {Indian} with his owne
Peece (desiring leave to shoot) onely hit it.

|K¡tsuog.|	`Cormorants.'

{Obs.} These they take in the night time,
where they are asleepe on rocks, off at Sea, and
bring in at break of day great store of them:

|Yo aqu‚chinock.|	`There they swim.'
|Nipponamou“og|	`I lay nets for them.'

{Ob.} This they doe on shore, and catch many
fowle upon the plaines, and feeding under
{Okes} upon {Akrons}, as Geese, Turkies, Cranes,
and others, &c.

|Ptowe~i.|	`It is fled.'
|Ptowewunsh nnick|	`They are fled:'
|Wunn—p,-pash|	`Wing, Wings:'
|Wunn£ppan¡ck  nawhone|	`Wing-shot:'
|Wuh¢ckgock ƒnwhone|	`Body-shot:'
|Wusk¢wh…n|	`A Pigeon:'
|Wuskowha~nann–aog|	`Pigeons:'
|Wuskowhannana–kit|	`Pigeon Countrie:'

{Obs.} In that place these Fowle breed abundantly,
and by reason of their delicate Food
(especially in Strawberrie time when they
pick up whole large Fields of the old grounds
of the {Natives}, they are a delicate fowle, and
because of their abundance, and the facility

of
<94/r.92> <Of {Fowle}.>

of killing of them, they are and may be plentifully
fed on.

{Sachim}: a little Bird about the bignesse of
a swallow, or lesse, to which the {Indians} give
that name, because of its {Sachim} or Princelike
courage and Command over greater Birds,
that a man shall often see this small Bird pursue
and vanquish and put to flight the Crow,
and other Birds farre bigger then it selfe.

|Soww nakitauwaw| -	`They go to the Southward.'

That is the saying of the {Natives}, when the
Geese and other Fowle at the approach of
Winter betake themselves, in admirable Order
and discerning their Course even all the
night long.

|Chepewƒukita–og| -	`They fly Northward.'

That is when they returne in the Spring.
There are abundance of singing Birds whose
names I have little as yet inquired after, &c.

The {Indians} of {Martins} vineyard, at my late
being amongst them, report generally, and
confidently of some Ilands, which lie off
from them to Sea, from whence every morning
early, certaine Fowles come and light amongst
them, and returne at Night to lodging,
which Iland or Ilands are not yet discovered,
though probably, by other Reasons
they give, there is Land, &c.

Ta–nek
<95/r.93> <{O}f F{owle}.>

|Ta–nek-ka–og.|	`Crane, Cranes.'
|Wush¢wunan.|	`The Hawke.'

Whch the Indians keep tame about their
houses to keepe the little Birds from their
Corne.

{The generall Observation of Fowle.}

How sweetly doe all the severall sorts of
Heavens Birds, in all Coasts of the World,
preach unto Men the prayse of their Makers
Wisedome, Power, and Goodnesse, who
feedes them and their young ones Summer
and Winter with their severall suitable sorts
of Foode: although they neither sow nor
reape, nor gather into Barnes?

More particularly:

{If} Birds {that neither sow nor reape.
Nor store up any food,
Constantly find to them and theirs
A maker kind and Good!}

{If man provide eke for his Birds,
In Yard, in Coops, in Cage.
And each Bird spends in songs and Tunes,
His little time and Age!}

{What care will Man, what care will God,}

For's
<92/r.94> <Of {the Earth and Fruits thereof}.>

{For's wife and Children take?
Millions of Birds and Worlds will God.
Sooner then His forsake.}


CHAP. XVI.

{Of the Earth, and the Fruits
thereof, &c.}

|A–ke|, {&} |Sanaukamuck.|	`Earth or Land.'
|N¡ttauke|	`My Land.'
|Nissawnƒwkamuck.|
|Wusk ukamuck.|	`New ground.'
|Aquegunn¡tteash.|	`Fields worne out.'
|Miht£ck-quash.|	`Trees.'
|Pauchautaqun-nˆsash.|	`Branch, Branches.'
|WunnŠpog-guash.|	`Leafe, leaves.'
|Watt p.|	`A root of Tree,'
|S‚ip.|	`A River.'
|Toy—sk.|	`A bridge.'
|Sepoˆse.|	`A little River.'
|Sepoˆmese.|	`A little Rivulet.'
|Takˆkum.|	`A Spring.'
|Takekumm–o?|	`Is there a Spring.'

Sep–o?
<93/r.95> <Of {the Earth and} F{ruits thereof}.>

|Sep–o?|	`Is there a River?'
|Toyusquan–o.|	`Is there a Bridge.'

{Obs.} The Natives are very exact and punctuall
in the bounds of their Lands, belonging
to this or that Prince or People, (even to a
River, Brooke) &c. And I have knowne
them make bargaine and sale amongst themselves
for a small piece, or quantity of
Ground: notwithstanding a sinfull opinion
amongst mauy that Christians have right to
{Heathens} Lands: but of the delusion of that
phrase, I have spoke in a discourse concerning
the {Indians} Conversion.

|Paug utemisk.|	`An Oake.'
|W¢mpimish.|	`A Chesnut Tree.'
|W¢mpimineash.|	`Chesnutts.'

{Obs.} The {Indians} have an Art of drying
their Chesnuts, and so to preserve them in
their barnes for a daintie all the yeare.

|An uchemineash.|	`Akornes.'

These Akornes also they drie, and in case
of want of Corne, by much boyling they
make a good dish of them: yea sometimes in
plentie of Corne doe they eate these Acornes
for a Novelty.

|W£ssoquat.|	`A Wallnut Tree.'
|Wusswaquat¢mineug.|	`Wallnut.'

Of these Wallnuts they make an excellent

Oyle
<98/r.96> <{Of the Earth and} F{ruits thereof}.>

Oyle good for many uses, but especially for
their annoynting of their heads. And of the
chips of the Walnut-Tree (the barke taken
off) some {English} in the Countrey make excellent
Beere both for Tast, strength, colour,
and in offensive opening operation:

|Sasaunckapƒmuck.|	`The Sassafrasse Tree.'
|Mifhqu wtuck.|	`The Cedar tree.'
|C¢waw-‚suck.|	`Pine-young Pine.'
|Wenomes¡ppaguash.|	`The Vine-Tree.'
|Mic£ckaskeete.|	`A Medow.'
|Tataggosk�tuash.|	`A fresh Medow.'
|Maskituash.|	`Grasse or Hay.'
|W‚kinash-quash.|	`Reed, Reedes.'
|Manis¡mmin.|	`To cut or mow.'
|Qussuckomineƒnug.|	`The Cherry Tree.'
|Wutt himneash.|	`Strawberries.'

{Obs.} This Berry is the wonder of all the
Fruits growing naturally in those parts: It is
of it selfe Excellent: so that one of the chiefest
Doctors of {England} was wont to say, that
God could have made, but God never did
make a better Berry: In some parts where
the {Natives} have planted, I have many times
seen as many as would filla good ship within
few miles compasse: the {Indians} bruise
them in a Morter, and mixe them with meale
and make Strawberry bread.

Wuchipoqu me
<99/r.97> <H> <Of {the Earth and} F{ruits thereof}.>

|Wuchipoqu meneash.|-	`A kind of sharp Fruit like a Barbary in tast.'

|SasŠmineash| another sharp cooling Fruit
growing in fresh Waters all the Winter, Excellent
in conserve against Feavers.

|Wen¢meneash.|	`Grapes.'
|Wuttahimnas¡ppaguash.|-	`Strawberry leaves.'
|Pesha–iuash.|	`Violet leaves.'
|Nummo£winneem.|	`I goe to gather.'
|Mowinne-a–og.|	`He or they gather.'
|At untowash.|	`Clime the Tree.'
|Nt untawem.|	`I clime.'
|Punno–wash.|	`Come downe.'
|Npunnowa–men.|	`I come downe.'
|Attitaash.|	`Hurtle-berries.'

Of which there are divers sorts sweete
like Currants, some opening, some of a binding
nature.

|Sau~taash| are these Currants dried by the
{Natives}, and so preserved all the yeare, which
they beat to powder, and mingle it with their
parcht meale, and make a delicate di[sh] which
they cal |Saut uthig|; which is as sweet to them
as plum or spice cake to the {English}.

They also make great use of their Strawberries
having such abundance of them, making
Strawberry bread, and having no other

Food
<100/r.98> <Of {the Earth and} F{ruits thereof}.>

Food for many dayes, but the {English} have exceeded,
and make good Wine both of their
Grapes and Strawberries also in some places,
as I have often tasted.

|Ew chim-neash.|	`Corne.'
|Scann‚meneash.|	`Seed-Corne.'
|Wompiscann‚meneash.|-	`White seed-corne.'

{Obs.} There be diverse sorts of this Corne,
and of the colours: yet all of it either boild
in milke, or buttered, if the use of it were
knowne and received in {England} (it is the opinion
of some skillfull in physick) it might
save many thousand lives in {England}, occasioned
by the binding nature of {English} wheat,
the {Indian} Corne keeping the body in a constant
moderate loosenesse.

|Aukeetea–men.|	`To plant Corne.'
|Qutt unemun.|	`To plant Corne.'
|Anak usu.|	`A Labourer.'
|Anak usichick.|	`Labourers.'
|Aukeetea–mitch.|	`Planting time.'
|Aukeete hettit.|	`When they set Corne.'
|Nummautaukeetea–men.|-	`I have done planting.'
|Anaskh¢mmin.|	`To how or break up.'

{Obs.} The Women set or plant, weede, and
hill, and gather and barne all the corne, and

Fruites
<101/r.99> <H 2> <{Of the Earth and Fruits thereof}.>

Fruites of the field: Yet sometimes the
man himselfe, (either out of love to his Wife,
or care for his Children, or being an old
man) will help the Woman which (by the
custome of the Countrey) they are not
bound to.

When a field is to be broken up, they have
a very loving sociable speedy way to dispatch
it: All the neighbours men and Women forty,
fifty, a hundred &c, joyne, and come in to
help freely.

With friendly joyning they breake up their
fields, build their Forts, hunt the Woods,
stop and kill fish in the Rivers, it being true
with them as in all the World in the Affaires
of Earth or Heaven: By concord little
things grow great, by discord the greatest
come to nothing {Concordiƒ parv‘ res crescunt,
D[i]scordiƒ magn‘ dilabuntur}.

|An skhig-anash.|	`How, Howes.'
|Anaskh¢mwock.|	`They how.'
|Anaskhommonteƒmin.|-	`They break for me.'
|Anaskhomw utowwin.|-	`A breaking up How.'

The {Indian} Women to this day (notwithstanding
our Howes, doe use their naturall
Howes of shells and Wood.

Monask£n
<102/r.100> <{O}f {the Farth and Fruits thereof}.>

|Monask£nnemun.|	`To weede.'
|Monaskunnumma–towwin.|-	`A weeding or broad How.'
|Petasc£nnemun,|	`To hill the Corne.'
|Kepen£mmin| {&} |Wutt£nnemun.|	`To gather Corne.'
|N£nnowwa.|	`Harvest time.'
|Ano–ant.|	`At harvest.'
|Wutt£nnemitch-Ewƒchim.|0	`When harvest is in.'
|Pausinnummin.|	`To dry the corne.'

Which they doe carefully upon heapes and
Mats many dayes, before they barne it up.
covering it up with Mats at night, and opening
when the Sun is hot.

|S¢kenug.|	`A heap of corne.'

{Obs.} The woman of the family will commonly
raise two or three heaps of twelve,
fifteene, or twentie bushells a heap, which
they drie in round broad heaps; and if she have
helpe of her children or friends, much more.

|Pockh¢mmin.|	`To beat or thrash out.'
|Npockh¢mmin.|	`I am threshing.'
|Cuppockh¢mmin?|	`Doe you thrash?'
|Wuskokkamuck¢meneash.|-	`New ground Corne.'
|Nquitaw nnanash.|	`One basketfulll.'
|Munn•te,-tash.|	`Basket, Baskets.'

Mģseck,
<103/r.101> <H3> <Of {the Earth and Fruit thereof}.>

|M –seck.|	`A great one'
|Peewƒsick.|	`A little one.'
|Wussaumepewƒsick.|	`Too little.'
|Pokow nnanash.|	`Halfe a basketfull.'
|Neesowannanash.|	`Two baskets full.'
|Sh¢anash.|	`Three.'
|Yowanannash.|	`Foure', &c.
|An¡ttash.|	`Rotten corne.'
|Waw‚ekanash.|	`Sweet corne.'
|Tawh�tch quitchem untamen?|0	`Why doe you smell to it?'
|Auq£nnash.|	`Barnes.'
|Necawna£quanash.|	`Old barnes.'

|Ask£tasquash|, their Vine aples, which the
{English} from them call {Squashes} about the bignesse
of Apples of severall colours, a sweet,
light wholesome refreshing.

|Uppakum¡neash.|	`The seed of them.'

{The} Observation {generall of the} Fruits
{of the Earth}.

God hath not left himselfe without wit-
in all parts and coasts of the world; the raines
and fruitfull seasons, the Earth, Trees, Plants,
&c. filling mans heart with food and gladnesse,
witnesseth against, and condemneth
man for his unthankfulnesse and unfruitfulnesse
towards his Maker.

More
<104/r.102> <Of {Beasts}, &c.>

More particular:

{Yeeres thousands since, God gaue command}
({as we in Scripture find})
{That} Earth {and} Trees {&} Plants {should bring
Forth fruits each in his kind}.

{The Wildernesse remembers this,
The wild and howling land
Answers the toyling labour of,
The wildest} Indians {hand}.

{But man forgets his} Maker, {who,
Fram'd him in Righteousnesse.
A paradise in Paradise, now worse
Then} Indian {Wildernesse}.


CHAP. XVII.

Of {Beasts, &c}.

|PEnash¡mwock.|	`Beasts.'
|Netas–og.|	`Cattell.'

{Obs.} This name the {Indians} give to tame
Beasts, yea, and Birds also which they keepe
tame about their houses:

Muck-
<105/r.103> <H 4> <Of Beasts, &c.>

|Muckquashim-wock.|	`Wolves.'
|Moatt“qus.|	`A blacke Wolfe.'
|Tumm•ckqua–og|0}
|N¢osup|  } pa–og.	`Beaver, Beavers.'
|S£mhup.| }

{Obs.} This is a Beast of wonder; for cutting
and drawing of great pieces of trees with
his teeth, with which, and sticks and earth I
have often seen, faire streames and rivers
damm'd and stopt up by them: upon these
streames thus damm'd up, he builds his house
with stories, wherein he sits drie in his chambers,
or goes into the water at his pleasure.

|Mishqu shim.|	`A red Fox.'
|P‚quawus.|	`A gray Fox.'

{Obs.} The {Indians} say they have black Foxes,
which they have often seene, but never
could take any of them: they say they are
|Manitt¢oes|, that �s, Gods Spirits or Divine
powers, as they say of every thing which they
cannot comprehend.

|A–sup-p nnog.|	`Racoone, Racoones'
|NkŠke, nk‚quock.|	`Otter, Otters.'
|Pusso–gh.|	`The wildcat.'

|Ockqutchaun_nug.| A wild beast of a reddish
haire about the bignesse of a {Pig}, and rooting
like a {Pig}; from whence they give this name
to all our {Swine}.

Mishan-
<106/r.104> <Of {Beasts, &c}.>

|Mish nneke-quock.|	`Squirrill, quirrils.'
|An‚qus an‚quussuck.|	`A litle coloured Squirril.'
|Wa–tuckques.|	`The Conie.'

{Obs.} They have a reverend esteeme of this
Creature, and conceive there is some Deitie
in it.

|Attuck, quock.|        }
|N¢onatch no¢natchaug.|-}	`Deere.'
|Mo¢squin.|	`A Fawn.'
|Waww£nnes.|	`A young Bucke.'
|Kuttiomp| {&} |Paucottƒuwaw.|-	`A great Bucke.'
|Aun…n quunŠke.|	`A Doe.'
|Qunnequ wese.|	`A little young Doe.'
|Naynayo–mewot.|	`A Horse.'
|C“wsnuck.|	`Cowes.'
|G“atesuck.|	`Goats.'
|H¢gsuck.|	`Swine.'
|P¡gsuck.|

{Obs.} This Termination |suck|, is common
in their language; and therefore they adde it
to our {English} Cattell, not else knowing what
names to give them;

|An—m.|	`A Dog.'

Yet the varietie of their Dialects and proper
speech within thirtie or fortie miles each of

other,
<107/r.105> <Of {Beasts, &c}.>

other, is very great, as appeares �n that word,

|An—m,|	The {Cowweset}   }
|Ay¡m|	The {Narriganset}}
|Ar£m.|	The {Qunnippiuck}}   Dialect.
|Al—m.|	The {Neepmuck}   }

So that although some pronounce not {L}, nor
{R}. yet it is the most proper Dialect of other
places, contrary to many reports.

|Enew shim.|	`A Male.'
|Squ shim.|	`A Female.'
|Mo•s s¢og.|	`The great Oxe, or rather a red Deere.'
|Ask—g.|	`A Snake.'
|M¢askug.|	`Black Snake.'
|S‚sek.|	`Rattle Snake.'
|Nat£ppwock.|	`They feed.'
|T‚aqua natuph‚ttit?|	`What shall they eat?'
|Natuph‚ttitch yo san ukamick.|	`Let them feed on this ground.'

{The generall} Observation {of the Beasts}.

The Wildernesse is a cleere resemblance of
the world, where greedie and furious men
persecute and devoure the harmlesse and innocent
as the wilde beasts pursue and devoure
the Hinds and Roes.

More
<108/r.106> <Of {the Sea}.>

More particular.

1. {The} Indians, {Wolves, yea, Dogs and Swine,
I have knowne the Deere devoure,
Gods children are sweet prey to all;
But yet the end proves sowre.}

2 {For though Gods children lose their lives,
They shall not loose an haire;
But shall arise, and judge all those,
That now their Iudges are.}

3 New-England's {wilde beasts are not fierce,
As other wild beasts are:
Some men are not so fierce, and yet
From mildnesse are they farre.}


CHAP. XVIII.

Of {the Sea}.

|VVEchˆkum|}	`The Sea.'
|K¡tthan.| }
|Paump gussit.|	`The Sea-God', or, that
name which they give that Deitie or Godhead
which they conceive to be in the Sea.

{Obs.} |Misho•n| an {Indian} Boat, or Canow
made of a Pine or Oake, or Chestnut-tree: I
have seene a Native goe into the woods with
his hatchet, carrying onely a Basket of Corne

with
<109/r.107> <{Of the Sea}, ctc.>

with him, & stones to strike fire when he had
feld his tree (being a {chesnut}) he made him a little 
House or shed of the bark of it, he puts fire 
and followes the burning of it with fire, in
the midst in many places: his corne he boyles
and hath the Brook by him, and sometimes
angles for a little fish; but so hee continues
burning and hewing untill he hath within ten
or twelve dayes (lying there at his worke alone)
finished, and (getting hands,) lanched
his Boate; with which afterward hee ventures
out to fish in the Ocean.

|Mishoon‚mese.|	`A little Canow.'

Some of them will not well carry above
three or foure: but some of them twenty,
thirty, forty men.

|Wunnauano–nuck.|	`A Shallop.'
|WunnauanounuckquŠse.|-	`A Skiffe.'

{Obs.} Although themselves have neither,
yet they give them such names, which in
their Language signifieth carrying Vessells.

|Kit“nuck.|	`A Ship.'
|Kit¢nuckquese.|	`A little ship.'
|Mish¡ttouwand.|	`A great Canow.'
|Peew…su.|	`A little one.'
|Paugautemissa–nd.|	`An Oake Canow.'

Kowwow
<110/r.108> <Of {the} Sea, {&c}.>

|Kowawwa–nd.|	`A pine Canow.'
|Wompmissa–nd.|	`A chesnut Canow.'
|Ogwhan.|	`A boat adrift.'
|Wuskon-t¢gwhan.|	`It will goe a drift.'
|Cuttunnam¡innea.|	`Help me to launch.'
|Cuttunnumm£tta.|	`Let us launch.'
|Cutt£nnamoke.|	`Launch.'
|Cutt nnummous.|	`I will help you.'
|W£tkunck.|	`A paddle or Oare.'
|Namac¢uhe c¢mishoon.|-	`Lend me your Boate.'
|Pa–tousnen¢tehunck|	`Bring hither my paddle.'
|Comisho¢nhom?|	`Goe you by water?'
|Ch‚mosh-ch‚meck.|	`Paddle or row.'
|Maum¡nikish| {&} |Maumanetepwe‚as.|	`Pull up, or row lustily.'
|Sepƒkehig.|	`A Sayle.'
|Sepagehomma–ta.|	`Let us saile.'
|Wunnƒgehan.|	`We have a faire wind.'

{Obs.} Their owne reason hath taught them,
to pull of a Coat or two and set it up on a
small pole, with which they will saile before
a wind ten, or twenty mile, &c.

|Waua£punish.|	`Hoyse up.'
|Wutt utnish.|	`Pull to you.'
|N¢kanish.|	`Take it downe.'
|Pak‚tenish.|	`Let goe or let flie.'
|Nikkoshkowwa–men.|	`We shall be drown'd.'

Nquawup
<111/r.109> <Of {the} Sea, {&c}.>

|Nquawu pshƒwmen.|	`We overset.'
|Wussa–me pechepa–sha.|-	`The Sea comes in too fast upon us.'
|Maumaneete ntass.|	`Be of good courage.'

{Obs.} It is wonderfull to see how they will
venture in those Canoes, and how (being
oft overset as I have my selfe been with them)
they will swim a mile, yea two or more safe
to Land: I having been necessitated to passe
waters diverse times with them, it hath pleased
God to make them many times the instruments
of my preservation: and when
sometimes in great danger I have questioned
safety, they have said to me: Feare not, if
we be overset I will carry you safe to Land.

|Paupa£tuckquash.|	`Hold water.'
|K¡nnequass.|	`Steere.'
|Ti ckomme k¡nniquass.|-	`Steere right.'
|Kunn¢snep.|	`A Killick, or Anchor.'
|Chowwoph¢mmin.|	`To cast over-boord.'
|Chouw¢phash.|	`Cast over-board'
|Touwopskh¢mmke.|	`Cast anchor.'
|Mishitt shin.|	`It is a storme.'
|Awˆpesha.|	`It caulmes.'
|Awˆpu.|	`A calme.'
|Nano£washin.|	`A great caulme.'
|Tam¢ccon.|	`Floud.'

<112/r.110> <Of {the Sea}.>

|Nanashowetam¢ccon|	`Halfe Floud.'
|Keesaq£shin.|	`High water.'
|Taumacoks.|	`Vpon the Floud.'
|Mishittomm¢ckon.|	`A great Floud.'
|Ma£chetan| {&} |sk…t.|	`Ebb.'
|Mittƒeskat.|	`A low Ebb.'
|Aw nick Pa–dhuck?|	`Who comes there?'

{Obs.} I have knowne thirty or forty of their
Canowes fill'd with men, and neere as many
more of their enemies in a Sea-fight.

|Caupau~shess.|	`Goe ashoare.'
|Caupaushƒuta.|	`Let us goe ashoare.'
|Wuss‚heposh.|	`Heave out the water.'
|Ask‚punish.|	`Make fast the Boat.'
|Ksp£nsh| {&} |Ksp£nemoke.|-	`Tie it fast.'
|Maum¡nikish.|	`Tie it hard.'
|Neene Cuth¢mwock.|	`Now they goe off.'
|Kekuthomwush nnick.|-	`They are gone already.'

{Generall} Observations {of the Sea}.

How unsearchable are the depth of the
Wisedome and Power of God in separating
from {Europe}, {Asia} and {Africa} such a mightie
vast continent as {America} is? and that for so

many
<113/r.111> <Of {Fish} and {Fish}.>

many ages? as also, by such a Westerne Ocean
of about three thousand of {English} miles
breadth in passage over?

More particular:

{They see Gods wonders that are call'd
Through dread full Seas to passe,
In tearing winds and roaring seas,
And calmes as smooth as glasse.
I have in} Europes {ships, oft been
In King of terrours hand;
When all have cri'd}, Now, now we sinck,
{Yet God bronght safe to land.
Alone 'mongst} Indians {in Canoes,
Sometimes o're-turn'd, I have been
Halfe inch from death, in Ocean deepe,
Gods wonders I have seene.


CHAP. XIX.

Of {Fish} and {Fishing}.

|NAma—s,-suck.|	`Fish, Fishes.'
|Paugana—t, tamwock.|-	`Cod, Which is the first that comes a little before the Spring.'

Qunna
<114/r.112> <{Of the} Sea, {&c}.>

|Qunnam ug-suck.|	`Lampries.' The first
that come in the Spring into the fresh Rivers.

|Aums–og|, {&} |Munnawhattea–g.|-	`A Fish somewhat like a Herring.'
|Miss£ckeke-k‚quock.|	`Basse.' The {Indians}
(and the {English} too) make a daintie dish of
the |Uppaqu¢ntup|, or head of this Fish; and
well they may, the braines and fat of it being
very much, and sweet as marrow.

|Ka£posh-sha–og.|	`Sturgeon.'

{Obs.} Divers part of the Countrey abound
with this Fish; yet the Natives for the goodnesse
and greatnesse of it, much prize it and
will neither furnish the {English} with so many,
nor so cheape, that any great trade is like to
be made of it, untill the {English} themselves are
fit to follow the fishing.

The Natives venture one or two in a Canow,
and with an harping Iron, or such like
Instrument sticke this fish, and so hale it into
their Canow; sometimes they take them by
their nets, which they make strong of Hemp.

|Ash•p.|	`Their Nets.' Which
they will set thwart some little River or Cove
wherein they kil Basse (at the fall of the water)
with their arrows, or sharp sticks, especially if
headed with Iron, gotten from the {Engish}, &c.

Aucup.
<105/r.113> <I> <Of {their nakednesse and clothing}.>

|Auc—p.|	A little Cove or Creeke.
|Aucppƒwese.|	`A very little one.'
|Wawwhunnekes–og.|	`Mackrell.`
|Mishquammauquock.|	`Red fish, Salmon.'
|O[s]acontuck.|	`A fat sweet fish, something like a Haddock.'
|Mishc—p-pa–og|	`Breame.'
|Sequanamauquock.|

{Obs.} Of this fish there is abundance which
the Natives drie in the Sunne and smoake; and
some {English} begin to salt, both wayes they
keepe all the yeere; and it is hoped it may be
as well accepted as Cod at a Market, and better,
if once knowne.

|Taut-auog.|	`Sheeps-heads.'
|Neeshau~og|       }
|Sassammau~quock|  }	`Eeles.'
|Nquitt‚connauog.|}
|Tatackommmƒu~og.|	`Porpuses.'
|P¢top-pauog.|	`Whales': Which in
some places are often cast up; I have seene
some of them, but not above sixtie foot long:
The {Natives} cut them out in severall parcells,
and give and send farre and neere for an acceptable
present, or dish.

|Missˆsu.|	`The whole.'
|Poquˆsu.|	`The halfe.'
|WaskŠke.|	`The Whalebone.'

Wuss£ck
<106/r.114> <Of {Fishes}.>

|Wuss£ckqun.|	`A taile.'
|Aumau~og.|	`They are fiishing.'
|Nta–men.|	`I am fishing.'
|Kuttau~men?|	`Doe you fish?'
|Nnattuckqunnu~wem.|	`I goe afishing.'
|Aum chick,|          }
|Natuckqunnuwƒchick.|-}	`Fishes.'
|Auma–i.|	`He is gone to fish.'
|Aw cenick kukkattineana–men?|-	`What doe you fish for?'
|Ashau~nt-teau~g.|	`Lobsters.'
|Opponenau~hock.|	`Oysters.'
|Sick�ssuog.|	`Clams.'

{Obs.} This is a sweet kind of shelfish, which
all {Indians} generally over the Countrey, Winter
and Summer delight in; and at low water
the women dig for them: this fish, and the
naturall liquor of it, they boile, and it makes
their broth and their |Nasau~mp| (which is a
kind of thickned broth) and their bread seasonable
and savory, instead of Salt: and for
that the {English} Swine dig and root these
Clams wheresoever they come, and watch
the low water (as the {Indian} women do) therefore
of all the {Euglish} Cattell, the Swine (as
also because of their filthy disposition) are

most
<107/r.115> <I 2> <{Of Fishes}.>

most hatefull to all Natives, and they call
them filthy cut throats &c.

|S‚qunnock.|	`A Horse-fish.'
|Poqua–hock.|

{Obs.} This the English call Hens, a little
thick shel-fiish, which the Indians wade deepe
and dive for, and after they have eaten the
meat there (in those which are good) they
breake out of the shell, about halfe an inch
of a blacke part of it, of which they make
their |Suckau~hock|, or black money, which is
to them pretious.

|Metea–hock.|	`The Periwinckle.' Of
which they make their |W¢mpam|, or white money,
of halfe the value of their |Suck whock|, or
blacke money, of which more in the Chapter
of their Coyne.

|Cumm‚nakiss,|
|Cummenak¡ssamen|	`Have you taken store?'
|Cummuchickinneanƒwmen?|-
|Numm‚nakiss.|	`I have taken store.'
|Nummuchikineanƒwmen.|-	`I have killed many.'
|Mach…ge.|	`I have caught none.'
|A–manep,|	`A fishing-line.'
|Auman peash.|	`Lines.'

The
<108/r.116> <Of {Fish},&c.>

The Natives take exceeding great paines
in their fishing, especially in watching their
seasons by night; so that frequently they lay
their naked bodies many a cold night on the
cold shoare about a fire of two or three sticks,
and oft in the night search their Nets; and
sometimes goe in and stay longer in frozen
water.

|Hoqua—n a–nash.|	`Hooke, hookes.'
|Peewƒsicks.|	`Little hookes.'
|Ma£macocks.|	`Great hookes.'
|Nponamou“og.|	`I set nets for them.'
|Npunnouwa–men.|	`I goe to search my nets.'
|Miht£ckquashep.|	`An Eele-pot.'
|Kunnagqunne–teg.|	`A greater sort.'
|Onawang¢nnakaun.|	`A baite.'
|Yo onawang¢nnatees|	`Baite with this.'
|Moamitteau~g.|	`A little sort of fish',
halfe as big as Sprats, plentifull in Winter.

|Paponaumsu~og.|	`A winter fish', which
comes up in the brookes and rivulets; some
call them Frost fish, from their comming up
from the Sea into fresh Brookes, in times of
frost and snow.

|Qun“suog.|	`A fresh fish'; which the
{Indians} break the Ice in fresh ponds, when they
take also many other sorts: for, to my knowledge
the Country yeelds many sorts of other
fish, which I mention not.

The
<117/r.109> <I 3> <Of {Fish}, &c.>

{The generall} Observation {of Fish}.

How many thousands of Millions of those
under water, sea-Inhabitants, in all Coasts of
the world preach to the sonnes of men on
shore, to adore their glorious Maker by presenting
themselves to Him as themselves (in
a manner) present their lives from the wild
Ocean, to the very doores of men, their fellow
creatures in {New England}.

More Particular.

{What} Habacuck {once spake, mine eyes
Have often seene most true,
The greater fishes devoure the lesse,
And cruelly pursue.}

{Forcing them though Coves and Creekes,
To leape on driest sand,
To gaspe on earthie element, or die
By wildest} Indians {hand.}

{Christs little ones must hunted be
Devour'd; yet rise as Hee.
And eate up those which now a while
Their fierce devourers be}.

CHAP.
<110/r.118> <Of {their nakednesse} and {clothing}.>


CHAP. XX.

Of {their nakednesse} and {clothing}.

|PAu~skesu.|	`Naked.'
|Pauskes¡tchick|	`Naked men and women.'
|Nipp¢skiss.|	`I am naked.'

They have a two-fold nakednesse:

First ordinary and constant, when although
they have a Beasts skin, or an English mantle
on, yet that covers ordinarily but their hinder
parts and all the foreparts from top to
toe, (excep their secret parts, covered with a
little Apron, after the patterne of their and
our first Parents) I say all else open and naked.

Their male children goe starke naked, and
have no Apron untill they come to ten or
twelve yeeres of age; their Female they, in a
modest blush cover with a little Apron of an
hand breadth from their very birth.

Their second nakednesse is when their men
often abroad, and both men and women within
doores, leave off their beasts skin, or English
cloth and so (excepting their little Apron)
are wholly naked; yet but few of the women
but will keepe their skin or cloth (though

loose)
<111/r.119> <I 4> <Of {their nakednesse} and {clothing}.>

loose) or neare to them ready to gather it up
about them.

Custome hath used their minds and bodies
to it, and in such a freedom from any wantonnesse,
that I have never seen that wantonnesse
amongst them, as, (with griefe) I have
heard of in {Europe}.

|Nipp¢skenitch.|	`I am rob'd of my coat.'
|Nipp¢skenick ew•.|	`He takes away my Coat.'
|Ac•h.|	`Their Deere skin.'
|Tumm¢ckquashunck.|	`A Beavers coat.'
|Nk‚quashunck.|	`An Otters coat.'
|Moh‚wonck.|	`A Rakoone-skin coat.'
|Nat¢quashunck.|	`A Wolues-skin coat.'
|Mishann‚quashunck.|	`A Squirrill-skin coat.'
|Neyhomma–ashunck|	`A Coat or Manlte', curiously
made of the fairest feathers of their
|Neyhommau~og|, or Turkies, which commonly
their old men make; and is with them as
Velvet with us.

|Mau~nek|: |nquittiash¡agat.|-	`An English Coat or Mantell.'
|C udnish.|	`Put off.'
|Ocquash.|	`Put on.'
|Neesash¡agat.|	`Two coats.'
|Shw¡shiagat.|	`Three coats.'
|Piuckquash¡agat.|	`Ten coats', &c.

{Obs.} Within their skin or coat they creepe

con-
<112/r.120> <Of {Fish}, &c.>

contentedly, by day or night, in house, or in
the woods, and sleep soundly counting it a felicitie,
as indeed an earthly one it is; {Intra
pelliculam quemque tenere suam}, That every
man be content with his skin.

|Squ us a£haqut.|	`a Womans Mantle.'
|Muck¡is auhaqut.|	`A childs Mantle.'
|P‚tacaus.|	`an English Wastecoat.'
|PetacawsunnŠse.|	`a little wastecoat.'
|Au~tah| {&} |a£tawhun.|	`Their apron.'
|Cauk¢anash.|	`Stockins.'
|Nquittetiag ttash.|	`a paire of stock ns.'
|Moc£ssinass|, & |Mockuss nchass.|	`Shooes.'

{Obs.} Both these, Shoes and Stockins they
make of their Deerc skin worne out, which
yet being excellently tann'd by them is excellent
for to travell in wet and snow; for it
is so well tempered with oyle, that the water
cleane wrings out; and being hang'd up in
their chimney, they presently drie without
hurt as my selfe hath often proved.

|Noonac¢minash.|	`Too little.'
|Taubac¢minash.|	`Big enough.'
|Saunket¡ppo|, {or}, |Ash¢naquo.|	`a Hat or Cap.'

|Mo“se.|	`The skin of a great Beast'
as big as an Ox, some call it a red Deere.

Wussuck
<113/r.121> <Of {their Nakednesse and Cloathing}.>

|Wussuckh¢su.|	`Painted.'

They also commonly paint these {Moose} and
Deere-skins for their Summer wearing, with
varietie of formes and colours.

|Petouw ssinug.|	`Their Tobacco-bag',
which hangs at their necke, or sticks at their
girdle, which is to them in stead of an English
pocket.

{Obs.} Our English clothes are so strange unto
them, and their bodies inured so to indure
the weather, that when (upon gift &c.) some
of them have had English {cloathes}, yet in a
showre of raine, I have seen them rather expose
their skins to the wet then their cloaths,
and therefore pull them off, and keep them
drie.

{Obs.} While they are amongst the English
they keep on the {English} apparell, but pull of
all, as soone as they come againe into their
owne Houses, and Company.

{Generall} Observations {of their Garments}.

How deep are the purposes and Councells,
of God? what should bee the reason of this
mighty difference of One mans children that
all the Sonnes of men onthis side the way (in
{Europe}, {Asia} and {Africa} should have such
plenteous clothing for Body, for Soule! and
the rest of {Adams} sonnes and Daughters on

the
<114/r.122> <Of {their Religion}.>

the other side, or {America} (some thinke as
big as the other three,) should neither have
nor desire clothing for their naked Soules, or
Bodies.

More particular:

{O what a Tyrant's Custome long,
How doe men make a tush,
At what's in use, though ne're so fowle:
Without once shame or blush?}

{Many thousand proper Men and Women,
I have seen met in one place:
Almost all naked, yet not one,
Thought want of clothes disgrace.}

{Israell was naked, wearing cloathes!}    } Exod. 
{The best clad} English-man,	             } 32.
{Not cloth'd with Christ, more naked is:} }
{Then naked} Indian.


CHAP. XXI.

{Of Religion, the soule, &c.}

|MAn�t-manitt¢wock.|-	`God, Gods.'

Obs.
<115/r.123> <{Of their Religion.}>

{Obs.} He that questions whether God made
the World, the {Indians} will teach him. I must
acknowledge I have received in my converse
with them many Confirmations of those
two great points, {Heb}. 11.6. {viz:}

1. That God is.
2. That hee is a rewarder of all them
that diligently seek him.

They will generally confesse that God
made all: but then in speciall, although they
deny not that {English-mans} God made {English}
Men, and the heavens and Earth there! yet 
their Gods made them and the Heaven, and 
Earth where they dwell.

|Nummusquaunam£ckqun man�t.|-	`God is angry with me?'

{Obs.} I have heard a poore Indian lamenting
the losse of a child at break of day, call up his
Wife and children, and all about him to Lamentation,
and with abundance of teares cry
out! O God thou hast taken away my child!
thou art angry with me: O turne thine anger
from me, and spare the rest of my children.

If they receive any good in hunting, fishing,
Harvest &c. they acknowledge God in it.

Yea, if it be but an ordinary accident, a fall,
&c. they will say God was angry and did it,

mus-
<116/r.124> <Of {the} Sea, {&c}.>

|musqu ntum manit| `God is angry'. But herein
is their Misery.

First they branch their God-head into many
Gods.
Secondly, attribute it to Creatures.

First, many Gods: they have given me
the Names of thirty seven, which I have, all
which in their solemne Worships they invocate:
as

|Kaut ntoww�t| the great {South-West} God, to
to whose House all soules goe, and from
whom came their Corne, Beanes, as they say.

|Wompanand.|	`The Easterne God.'
|Chekesuw…nd.|	`The Westerne God.'
|Wunnanam‚anit.|	`The Northerne God.'
|Sowwan…nd.|	`The Southerne God.'
|Wetu¢manit.|	`The house God.'

Even as the Papists have their He and Shee
Saint Protectors as St. {George}, St. {Patrick},
St. {Denis}, Virgin {Mary}, &c.

|Squ uanit.|	`The Womans God.'
|Muckquachuckqu…nd.|-	`The Childrens God,'

{Obs.} I was once with a Native dying of a
wound, given him by some murtherous {English}
(who rob'd him and run him through
with a Rapier, from whom in the heat of his
wound, he at present escaped from them, but

dying
<117/r.125> <Of {their Religion}.>

dying of his wound, they suffered Death at
new {Plymouth},